他者的侵凌与自我的毁灭——张爱玲小说的拉康式解读

张爱玲小说中始终存在着“自我”与“他者”的二元对立结构,因受到他人的制约,其笔下的人物难以完成自我建构,个体甚至因他者的入侵而走向异化或毁灭,这与拉康哲学中关于自我与他者关系的论述相契合.借助拉康镜像论、凝视论、他者论来解读张爱玲小说中自我与他者的关系,可深入发掘其笔下人物的自我建构过程,细致辨析张爱玲运用的“窥视”笔法,通过《传奇》增订版等具体个案分析他者欺凌与自我毁灭的二元构成.从拉康式精神分析的视角观照张爱玲创作,有利于多角度地深入思考张爱玲小说的精神内涵.     

主体·自我·他者--论拉康欲望理论的诗学建构

欲望是文学作品所反映的一个重要主题。剖析文学中欲望这一主题时易过于注重社会环境和意识形态等外部因素的作用,而忽略了作家创作和小说中人物言行的心理动因。后精神分析学家雅克·拉康的欲望理论提出“人的欲望是他者的欲望”,不仅揭示了人类生存困境的根本原因,也有利于挖掘其社会言行潜在的心理动力。这一理论在一定程度上进一步打通了文学研究与精神分析学之间的学科界限,符合文学研究“内倾向”转变的大趋势,为跨学科的外国文学研究提供了有效的途径。     

The politics of the face: the scopic regime and the (un-)masking of the political subject

Face is commonly seen as a feature exclusive to each person. It expresses subject’s feelings, thoughts and in turn represents knowledge that is otherwise deemed personal. However, face is mistakenly seen as pure expression of subject’s thoughts. This article aims to show that face is a product of governing practices of seeing and knowing. It is thus not a unique individual expression, but a mask that the socio-political order attaches to individuals as they are turned into political subjects. The article begins with a discussion of the two governing practices: the seeing (or the spectre of the visible) and the knowing (or the practice of locating faces in the socio-political field) with an aim to unveil the role face plays in the socio-political reality. The first interrogation looks at how face creates a field of recognition and opens a distinct form of political visibility: who, what and how one sees and what remains unseen. Whereas the second interrogation discusses how appearances produce meaning and how knowledge is taken off the face. Finally, the face as a knowledge producer and a mean of subject’s social recognition (identity) is put in the encounter with the idea of the anxious gaze and the work of Marlene Dumas. Instead of recognition, here a subject is met with dissociation and displacement of subject’s socio-political image. The three presented studies paint the politics of the face as an obscene governing strategy caught between endless attempts to create the face as a known, seen and governed space and illusive attempts to grasp the actual meaning of a pre-symbolised face.     

一位维多利亚社会之“女”的建构——从拉康心理分析理论试探蓓基·夏泼的性格形成

萨克雷在现代心理分析理论诞生以前，将蓓基·夏泼塑造成一个幼年丧母、少年丧父的孤儿，于无意间从最大程度上成就了她在拉康心理分析模式三段论中的“缺失”。文章将以蓓基·夏泼的性格塑造为切入点，从拉康的心理分析模式三段论的视角，分析、阐述蓓基·夏泼如何成为一位维多利亚社会之“女”的建构过程。     

阿黛拉·奎斯特解读——《印度之行》妇女形象初探

对《印度之行》中的妇女形象 ,评论家的态度截然相反。有些人认为妇女体现了福斯特精心创造的“基督教人道主义者”的形象 ,有人却认为“福斯特经常把妇女视作敌人阵营中的一部分”。奎斯特小姐这个微不足道的小角色 ,评论家对她较少关注甚至出现误读。本文从女性学角度出发 ,运用拉康 ,克里斯蒂娃的精神分析的理论 ,试图解读奎斯特小姐的形象背后所隐含的意义 ,揭示福斯特对女性世界的探索和他复杂的男性观。     

The child's entry into the symbolic order: a developmental-societal interpretation of Jacques Lacan

Lacan's psychoanalytic insights, as found primarily in his 1964 seminar “The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis” are interpreted within a social-developmental framework. Using Piaget's theory of a structural transition from action logic to object logic I recast (1) Lacan's signifying function as a new competence emerging around age two and (2) the “Other” as the general content/context of this newness, namely the child's grasp of a societal-symbolic order. The child's entry into that order is described as inherently linked to sexuality, desire and the unconscious and as accompanied by feelings of alienation and separation. Insofar as the desire of the unconscious is toward the “Other” Lacan seems to support my claim of an endogenous origin of the societal order.     

分裂的主体无尽的欲望——《裸体吃中餐》的拉康式解读

运用拉康理论研究《裸体吃中餐》中鲁比主体确立过程,认为人独有的认同欲望使鲁比的主体确立,但由于欲望是对他者的欲望,所以这种欲望使得鲁比主体确立的过程也是其主体分裂离异的过程———这是人成为人必须付出的代价。     

Populism as a fantasmatic rupture in the post-political order: integrating Laclau with Glynos and Stavrakakis

ABSTRACT

The recent challenges of populist movements to the ‘post-democratic horizon’ in Greece and elsewhere have highlighted its possibilities as a political force able to mount a challenge to the technocratic logics of the neoliberal consensus. The theoretical perspective of Ernesto Laclau, which focuses on the rhetorical act of naming ‘the people’ and extrinsic representative form over intrinsic content, thus becomes increasingly valuable to explore such possibilities and to account for the current ubiquity of populist articulations both here in New Zealand and further afield. However, the need to clarify and iron out any inconsistencies in Laclau’s approach also increases, and the main task of this article is to raise the consideration of how it could be supplemented by, and articulated with, the Lacanian psychoanalytic concepts of fantasy and jouissance. Analysis of a selection of John Key’s populist articulations in the New Zealand media, and photographs from Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) protests, reveal that both forms of populist articulation, while constructing very different visions of ‘the people’, hinge on the fantasmatic representation of an other; an antagonistic power who steals our enjoyment. However, I conclude that a normative assessment of populist articulations is both possible and necessary.     

Motherless Subjects and Mothered Selves: The Implications of Jacques Lacan’s and Donald Winnicott’s Writings on the Formation of the ‘I’ for American Studies

ABSTRACT

This article contrasts the theories of ego formation put forward in Jacques Lacan’s ‘The Mirror Stage’ and Donald Winnicott’s ‘The Mirror Role of the Mother,’ and discusses their methodological implications for the field of American studies. While Lacan theorises subjectivity as irreparably split and (self-)alienated, Winnicott offers an optimistic version of a self which is sustained in its going-on-being by a nourishing maternal presence. These disparate conceptualisations of the human being produce two powerful frames through which to approach culture. Yet, while Lacan is widely recognised in the American studies scholarship, Winnicott remains virtually unknown. This article aims to enhance the visibility of the British author by outlining the productivity of his ideas for any cultural or literary analysis. By stressing the foundational significance of the primary bond Winnicott’s theory intervenes in the recent critiques of neoliberal capitalism which remain halted in a Lacanian-like melancholic mode, masked by a cultural command of perpetual enjoyment. The Winnicottian perspective challenges Lacan’s fixation on the unattainable objects of desire, reiterated by the neoliberal myth of self-perfection through consumption, and offers an alternative pattern of human sociality, based on relational, self-reflexive moderation.     

‘Blowing up the pylon’: the limitations to Lacanism in organization studies,seen from the perspective of Deleuze and Guattari

We critically engage with the Lacanian notions of fantasy and lack through an understanding of desire as ontologically productive. The introduction of the Lacanian psychoanalytic notions of fantasy and lack into organizational studies has helped to widen the understanding of the mechanism that makes employees desire the idealized images of identity provided by the organizations for which they work. Our claim is that Deleuze’s and Guattari’s conception of desire as productive contributes to the understanding of the role that desire plays in producing and organizing the social setting in which such fantasies and a sense of lack emerge in the first place. Furthermore, we argue that Deleuze and Guattari can help point to the inherent danger of Lacanism’s blunting its own analytical and critical potential when trying to understand such social settings.