论汉代思想家关于土地问题的主张

汉代思想家针对严重的土地问题提出了许多具体主张.概括地说,这类主张大体经过了从主张限田到主张恢复井田的发展过程.尽管具体主张不一,但颂扬井田制并以此批判现实社会中的土地问题却是相同的.这类主张既体现了儒家均平的社会理想,又是这一时期民本思想的重要内容.其实质是试图运用行政手段重建因土地兼并而被破坏的社会运行机制.从中国经济思想史的角度来考察,这些主张具有重要的进步意义.     

Gifts,commodities and corporeality: Food and gender in South Pentecost,Vanuatu

For the colonist the native is declared insensitive to ethics: he represents not only the absence of values but also the negation of values. He is, let us dare to admit, the enemy of values, and in this sense he is the absolute evil (Frantz Fanon, The wretched of the earth).     

Custom,Law and Ideology in Papua New Guinea

This paper seeks to illustrate some of the distinctive national features of the relationship between custom, law, and ideology in Papua New Guinea. While the concept of ‘native custom’ was initially the creation of Australian colonial law, the relationship between custom and law acquired a new complexion around the time of national independence in 1975, and the political use of the Tok Pisin words kastom and lo, both then and since, reveals that their relationship is not like that of the two things commonly known as ‘custom’ and ‘law’ in the English language or the political discourse of a country like England or Australia. Instead, their relationship has to be understood through an exploration of the metaphorical use of the Tok Pisin word rot (‘road’), which seems to stand for something midway between a ‘cult’ and an ‘ideology’, and through an understanding of the way in which the social relations of large-scale resource development have transformed the post-colonial political landscape.     

“祖业权”:嵌入乡土社会的地权表达与实践——基于对赣西北宗族性村落的田野考察

经历了一系列土地制度变革后,当前的农村社会中依然有着较大范围和程度上关于土地是“祖业”的认知和表达,并影响着国家的法律实践.祖业观念下的土地产权——祖业权,具有人格化、象征性和社区化的特征,使得其性质上是具有较为完整的使用权,却不具备独立产权的完整性,而明显区别于建立在西方市民社会基础上的私有产权.中国土地产权的观念型塑与村落的社会结构之间有着自洽的逻辑,它与家族的绵延性、伦理本位和差序格局有着密不可分的共通关系,“祖业权”是嵌入在以血缘为主要纽带的乡土社会之中.由此,在国家建构的地权建设中,尤其要注意地方社会也在建构着关于土地产权的“地方性共识”,进而避免落入历史虚无主义的窠臼.