Evaluation of an intervention supporting breastfeeding among late-preterm infants during in-hospital stay

BackgroundLate-preterm infants show lower breastfeeding rates when compared with term infants. Current practice is to keep them in low-risk wards where clinical guidelines to support breastfeeding are well established for term infants but can be insufficient for late-preterm.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate an intervention supporting breastfeeding among late-preterm infants in a maternity service in the Basque Country, Spain.MethodsThe intervention was designed to promote parents’ education and involvement, provide a multidisciplinary approach and decision-making, and avoid separation of the mother-infant dyad. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a control (n = 212) and an intervention group (n = 161). Data was collected from clinical records from November 2012 to January 2015. Feeding rate at discharge, breast-pump use, incidence of morbidities, infant weight loss and hospital stay length were compared between the two groups.ResultsInfants in the control group were 50.7% exclusive breastfeeding, 37.8% breastfeeding, and, 11.5% formula feeding at discharge, whereas in the intervention group, frequencies were 68.4%, 25.9%, and 5.7%, respectively (p = 0.002). Mothers in the intervention group were 2.66 times more likely to use the breast-pump after almost all or all feeds and 2.09 times more likely to exclusively breastfeed at discharge. There were no significant differences in morbidities and infant weight loss between groups. Hospital stay was longer for infants who required phototherapy in the intervention group (p = 0.009).ConclusionThe intervention resulted in a higher breastfeeding rate at discharge. Interventions aimed to provide specific support among late-pretem infants in maternity services are effective.     

变换主体视角看悲剧和悲剧人物--对马恩悲剧理论的新认识

马恩有关悲剧的理论是理论界一直存在争议的问题落后阶级、反面人物能否作为悲剧人物来写;如果可以,他们身上有没有喜剧因素;恩格斯关于悲剧的论断是不是对所有悲剧本质的概括.认为运用变换主体视角的方法进行具体分析,这些问题就会迎刃而解,因为把人物归入不同的主体,其面对的客体会发生变化,潜藏在同一人物身上的悲剧性、喜剧性就会得到不同的突显.     

清末新疆通内外交通的反差

古代历朝对西域的治策和经略多以武力振威和怀柔羁縻 ,而非彻底加以建设和真正开发 ,这是西域以至民国新疆难与内地同一化 ,以及经营失策的重要症结。新疆内外交通反差巨大 ,外通优于内通即是显著窥孔。由此可见政治军事大于经济建设的历代弊端。     

论《我弥留之际》的悲喜剧及传奇特性

《我弥留之际》究竟应算作是悲剧性作品、喜剧性作品,还是史诗性作品,或者其它什么,这的确是个问题。针对评论界莫衷一是的论述,本文拟以诺思罗普.弗莱的原型批评理论为武器,阐述这部小说的悲喜剧特质和传奇或浪漫的色彩。     

晚清政局下的张謇与袁昶

张謇和袁昶是晚清史上的两位名臣。自1880年两人初识到1900年袁昶被杀的20年间,他们合作共事,对晚清政局产生了重要影响。他们的言论和主张既影响了东南督抚,又影响了朝廷中枢,在变数不定的晚清政局中他们付出了惨重的代价。他们相知相交、合作共事的原因也是多方面的。     

论夜间搜查——从两则案例谈起

由于我国《刑事诉讼法》对搜查的时间未作规定,导致司法实践中夜间搜查频繁出现。夜间搜查很容易侵犯被搜查人和与其同住的人的隐私权和生活安宁权,给其造成伤害,司法实践中也确实发生了因夜间搜查而把人吓病的案例。因此,我国在再次修改《刑事诉讼法》时应规定禁止夜间搜查。当然,在保护公民隐私权和生活安宁权的同时,也要兼顾打击犯罪的需要,法律可以设置一些禁止夜间搜查的例外。     

Comic revisions? Motherhood and women’s comedy in contemporary Germany

Maternal stereotypes and the realities of mothering are prominent themes in Anke Engelke’s Ladykracher and Martina Hill’s Knallerfrauen, two of the most popular sketch shows in twenty-first-century Germany. This article relates their success to social anxieties about motherhood, which Engelke and Hill illuminate through the theme of their sketches as well as through their very use of comedy to do so. I begin by using close-readings of Ladykracher and Knallerfrauen to illuminate the political potential of the sketch form to challenge maternal myths and articulate taboo feelings such as maternal ambivalence. I then consider the innovation of these maternal sketches in view of traditional theories of comedy, which paradoxically draw their imagery from the realm of the maternal even though they discount real women and mothers as comic agents. I argue that the maternal sketches of Engelke and Hill are thus doubly subversive, challenging maternal taboos as well as the discursive and generic norms they sustain.     

Fat Monica,Fat Suits,and Friends

This paper examines narratives about fatness that are represented and reproduced by the character of “Fat Monica” played by Courteney Cox in a fat suit on the sitcom Friends. By drawing on David T. Mitchell's framework for analyzing “narrative prosthesis,” I examine how Fat Monica's narratives on Friends represent complex intersections of identities. I argue that fat suits often evoke fatness to support limited and clichéd narratives; however, fat suits may also enable new means of representing and understanding fatness. Through an analysis of the ways in which Fat Monica is represented in the episodes she appears in, three key uses of Fat Monica's fatness are discussed. Firstly, I examine the comic uses of Fat Monica and their relationship between fatness and humour. Next, I examine how Fat Monica storylines represent interlocking narratives of fatness, femininity, and sexual desire. Lastly, I consider how Fat Monica represents the construction of the normative body and claims about fatness and authenticity. Ultimately, Fat Monica illustrates how fatness relates to understandings of humour, gender, social class, and heterosexuality.     

晚清四川鸦片贸易及其相关问题研究

晚清时期,受鸦片暴利的驱使,四川省广种鸦片,川土的销售和消费都很旺盛,烟土税也成为全省重要的财政来源之一.但旺盛的鸦片生产和贸易严重干扰了人们的正常生产和生活秩序,引起了乡村地区生产结构的巨大变动,使经济与社会发展更趋畸形,因而四川也成为了禁烟的重点省份.经过几届政府官吏的努力,四川省的鸦片在清朝覆灭前几乎禁绝,有力地维护了社会正义,但也使当时一些农民的生计受到影响.     

“没有晚清,何来五四”与现当代文学学科话语增生

"没有晚清,何来五四"对晚清文学知识考古式重返,把现代文学起点推到晚清,拓宽了现代文学疆界,并从对现代起源的关注转向如何想象并谈论中国"现代"的方式,引发了现当代文学研究范式的转换。论断对晚清现代性想象的释放,引发十七年文学"反现代的现代性"的探讨,使其在"革命中国"的阐释中具有了知识范畴的独立性和类似"乌托邦"的价值品格。而寻找中国现代性的努力暗合了中国作为大国经济崛起的"现实",这种承认的政治让现代性变成政治正确的概念而空洞化,重新落入西方思维模式中。对论断的反思是研究者超越时代限定并使现当代文学学科与研究者获得独立品格,走向成熟的关键。