An approximation of logarithmic functions in the regression setting

We consider a method of moments approach for dealing with censoring at zero for data expressed in levels when researchers would like to take logarithms. A Box–Cox transformation is employed. We explore this approach in the context of linear regression where both dependent and independent variables are censored. We contrast this method to two others, (1) dropping records of data containing censored values and (2) assuming normality for censored observations and the residuals in the model. Across the methods considered, where researchers are interested primarily in the slope parameter, estimation bias is consistently reduced using the method of moments approach.     

变换法在解微分方程中的应用

变量代换法是解常微分方程的一种辅助方法，它能使问题简化．本文通过联系实例给出了变换在求解微分方程中的具体应用。     

用Excel统计数值型数据频数分布的三种方法

本文根据两种不同的数据分组方式,分别讨论了利用Excel软件统计数值型数据频数分布的三种基本方法并作了简要评述。     

浅探交际教学法和语法教学法在英语教学中的结合

通过分析交际教学法和语法教学法自身的特点和各自在英语教学中的优势与局限 ,指出将两者结合应用应是现阶段大学英语教学最理想的教学模式 ,并从教学目的、教学对象和教师自身角度说明了这种结合应用的必要性。在此基础上 ,总结了目前在结合应用实践中发现的问题 ,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

女性"隐形"地位的多元认知透视

在男性占主导地位的语言,诚如英汉语中"乞丐""医生"等职业术语和"chairman""hero"等官衔荣誉称呼之类的名词,一般性的人类泛指"a man","mankind"以及代词的非指示用法中,女性往往被置于"隐形"的地位。性别差异和性别歧视的现象已引起社会上各学科的普遍关注,然而,从认知角度对这一现象作出注解的文章寥寥。运用认知语言学中的原型和范畴理论、框架理论、心理空间和概念合成理论对此予以阐释,可为英汉语中这一现象的理论阐释提供全新的多元认知视角。     

创作方法:文学理论不该遗弃的概念

创作方法概念不该遗弃,而应重新认识其内涵和层次。本文认为,创作方法包括三个基本要素,即创作目的、创作对象和创作原则。具体创作对象的差异以及三要素的不同组合方式使得创作方法具有无限丰富的形态。风格的多样反映了创作方法的多样。以这种新的创作方法概念,可以对许多纠缠不清的问题,如创作方法与世界观、文艺思潮及风格流派的关系问题等,作出新的解释。     

教育技术系统方法在幼儿教育中的应用个案

运用教育技术系统方法开展教学活动,对于幼儿教育同样适用,在幼儿教育中使用系统方法,整合信息技术,让幼儿从小接受多角度、全方位的思维训练。现以一次成功运用系统方法的幼教实践活动作为案例,提取其中的主要步骤进行分析,抛出幼儿教育推广系统方法之砖。     

英汉语言中的性别歧视现象

Gender discrimination is felt and found universally, and sexism in language is no exception. Sexist languages exist in both English and Chinese. An analysis of linguistic sexism will promise us the assumptions that language is emblematic of and constitutive of social identity.     

Commercial discourses,gentrification and citizens’ protest: The linguistic landscape of Prenzlauer Berg,Berlin1

Since reunification in 1990, Prenzlauer Berg, located in the former East Berlin, has turned from a cheap and neglected area into a popular middle‐class neighbourhood. The area's new character is reflected in its linguistic landscape. These days the signs of posh shops and trendy bars adorn its streets. But alternative views are noticeable too. Graffiti is present even on the most expensively refurbished buildings and residents put up slogans to protest against their flats being refurbished and sold to new owners. This case study of the changing graphic environment of Prenzlauer Berg shows that, despite the strong influence of commercial discourses, the public space remains an area of contestation between civil society, private businesses and the state. The particular approach to linguistic landscape I developed combines textual and visual analysis with interviews with sign producers. This has enabled me to show how the linguistic landscape both reflects as well as shapes social change and urban development in Berlin since reunification. Seit der Wende ist der Prenzlauer Berg, zu DDR Zeiten vernachlässigt und heruntergekommen, zu einem der beliebtesten Stadtteile des neuen Berlins geworden. Der neue Charakter des Kiez, sichtbar an seinen renovierten Häusern und steigenden Mietpreisen, lässt sich auch anhand seiner sprachlichen Landschaft (linguistic landscape) erkennen. Heutzutage bestimmen die aufwendig gestalteten Schilder teurer Geschäfter und schicker Bars Prenzlauer Bergs Strassenbild. Es gibt aber auch andere Stimmen. Bewohner von Häusern, die an Investoren verkauft wurden und denen nun gesteigerte Mieten drohen, protestieren mit Plakaten gegen die Politik der Ankäufer. Fast keine der neu gestrichenen Fassaden ist frei von Graffiti und überall findet man Poster, die zu Demonstrationen und Unterschriftenaktionen aufforden. Ausgehend von Fotografien und Interviews mit den Autoren von Schildern, Plakaten und Transparenten zeigt der vorliegende Artikel, dass der öffentliche Raum – die Strasse – trotz der Dominanz kommerziellen Diskurse, ein Bereich bleibt, in dem Staat, private Inverstoren und bürgerliche Gesellschaft aufeinander treffen und ihre – oftmals im Konflikt zueinander stehenden – Meinungen zum Ausdruck bringen. [German]     

On the accuracy and cost of numerical integration in several variables ∗

Identical numerical integration experiments are performed on a CYBER 205 and an IBM 3081 in order to gauge the relative performance of several methods of integration. The methods employed are the general methods of Gauss-Legendre, iterated Gauss-Legendre, Newton-Cotes, Romberg and Monte Carlo as well as three methods, due to Owen, Dutt, and Clark respectively, for integrating the normal density. The bi- and trivariate normal densities and four other functions are integrated; the latter four have integrals expressible in closed form and some of them can be parameterized to exhibit singularities or highly periodic behavior. The various Gauss-Legendre methods tend to be most accurate (when applied to the normal density they are even more accurate than the special purpose methods designed for the normal) and while they are not the fastest, they are at least competitive. In scalar mode the CYBER is about 2-6 times faster than the IBM 3081 and the speed advantage of vectorised to scalar mode ranges from 6 to 15. Large scale econometric problems of the probit type should now be routinely soluble.