莫斯科的国际中心城市地位研究

20世纪90年代,莫斯科的政治、经济和社会结构经历了重大变革,改变了莫斯科的国家地位和国际排名。本文研究莫斯科在俄罗斯国内和在欧洲城市中的地位。毫无疑问,莫斯科的发展特点是：在逐渐脱离国家城市体系的同时,也逐渐朝着国际方向发展。以经济指标来衡量,莫斯科在国内找不到竞争对手。它远远领先于国内其他城市,因为这些城市正快速融入国内和区域经济的潮流,只在很小的程度上参与经济全球化。相反,莫斯科越来越多地争取融入跨国公司和国际经济体系的行列。虽然莫斯科作为一个国际性城市的概念往往只是城市的政治工具,但事实上,如果俄罗斯的首都想要融入世界,其资本是有限的。从中欧的角度来看,目前莫斯科最重要的功能,是连结中欧、西欧和俄罗斯。但现实是,莫斯科与俄罗斯其他城市之间的差距将会继续扩大。     

寻求斯拉夫民族性的精神支持:俄国文学的审美基础

广泛存在于叙述中的基督教话语 ,使得俄国文学具有了欧洲文化的基因。但是 ,俄国经由拜占庭接受的是东方基督教 ,这就使得俄国在精神上有别于信仰天主教或新教的西方 :痴迷于莫斯科—第三罗马这一拯救世界的弥撒亚理念 ,把上帝世俗化甚至意识形态化 ,通过俄国化的上帝反对西式的现代化。也正是这一作为标示俄国文学民族身份的东方基督教 ,构成了千余年来的俄国审美和文学艺术的重要基础。     

从闽北到莫斯科的陆上茶叶之路--19世纪中叶前中俄茶叶贸易研究

18世纪至19世纪末期的陆上茶叶之路,从福建北部的武夷山区延伸到莫斯科,全程超过4.5万里.陆上茶叶之路以恰克图为中心,中俄商人"彼以皮来,我以茶往".19世纪中叶以前,这条贯通欧亚的陆上茶叶之路的贸易一直由山西商人主导.鸦片战争以后,西方以武力推动对华商务扩张,外商在华享尽各种特权,华商在与外商竞争中纷纷败北,执塞外贸易之牛耳的山西商人也不得不退出对俄茶叶贸易,茶叶之路为以沙皇政府为后盾的俄商垄断.     

Trust and Ethnic Tolerance in the Face of Social Change

The primary goals of this article are to examine conceptual approaches to the study of trust, summarize the tools that can be used in such studies, and use empirical data to elucidate the concept of a “culture of trust.” It also discusses certain problems involved in the empirical study of generalized trust and concludes that ethnic tolerance is one element of a culture of trust. The article presents the results of a 2014 sociological study of Muscovites that was carried out using formalized interviews. This study examined the attitude of trust and subjective bases of trust and mistrust that have developed within Moscow society. A three-stage random territorial probability sampling was used, distributed across administrative districts proportional to their population sizes. The 800-respondent sample was representative in terms of sex and age. Using a simple 4-point scale, our study found that Moscow’s population is strongly polarized in terms of trust—47.6 percent are inclined to be trusting while 46.5 percent are not. Trust networks in Moscow are primarily built around close family and friends. There is a clear lack of basic trust. The study’s results suggest that generalized trust and ethnic tolerance are interrelated. What links these processes are the collaborative relationships that form based on ties of friendship and neighborliness.     

Transforming the public sphere: the case of Moscow’s city libraries

ABSTRACT

This article aims to explore the link between civil society and the public sphere in present-day Russia by studying a recent library reform project in Moscow. In 2013, a comprehensive reconstruction of Moscow's network of 448 public libraries was initiated by a group of intellectuals, architects and urbanists. The project team aimed at modernizing Moscow's city libraries by making them more accessible and appealing to the public. The reconstruction gained support from the city administration that sought to strengthen the function of public libraries as cultural and educational institutions and, at the same time, improve the city's image in the eyes of its citizens. The article poses the question of whether this reform has been successful in making Moscow's city libraries more open, accessible and inviting for the public, and whether the reform has contributed to the development of a public sphere in the city by providing new spaces for participation and civic engagement. The article explores the reform process based on interviews with key informants and document analysis. It looks into the project objectives, its implementation process and its legacy. The analysis of the library reform project revealed contradictory results, as the reform did not develop beyond the pilot phase, but was stopped due to fading support from the city administration. Overall, the library reform thus remained an unfinished process. For developing the public sphere, the legacy of the reform project is ambivalent. On the one hand, the project has proved that creating new public spaces in Moscow is possible. On the other hand, it showed that the public sphere remains limited in today's Russia, as civic initiatives cannot develop beyond a cultural niche project. Due to a lack of political support for societal pluralism, a true autonomous public sphere remains beyond reach in present-day Russia.     

Labour migrants in post-Soviet Moscow: patterns of settlement*

This article explores the impact of the social and the spatial structures of Moscow on the patterns of settlement of labour migrants. It emphasizes the ways in which the structure of post-Soviet urban environment differs from the European and U.S. one, and uses interviews with guest workers from Central Asia to map out the strategies they employ in their search for accommodation in Moscow, as well as the barriers they encounter. Special attention is paid to the role played by ethnic networks in the lives of migrant workers, and the ways in which these networks are configured by the urban space. This article demonstrates how the absence of spatial segregation in the post-Soviet city, inherited from the Soviet period, affects the trajectories of social and economic integration of migrants and explains the absence of ‘ethnic areas’ in today’s Moscow.     

陈独秀拒赴莫斯科再评价

陈独秀政治生涯和莫斯科有着密切关系,中国近现代史和中共党史上提到他三次拒绝去莫斯科.通过对俄罗斯解密档案和其他资料的研究可知,中共五大前后,国际代表也多次提出让陈独秀去莫斯科,最早提出陈独秀赴莫斯科是远东局;以往研究者只注意到陈独秀几次拒绝赴莫斯科,却没有注意到共产国际和联共(布)拒绝他赴莫斯科;中共中央把陈独秀拒赴莫斯科作为开除其党籍的理由是不合适的,共产国际根本没有召开过审议陈独秀被开除党籍的会议.     

莫斯科语义学派语义元语言在同义词词典中的应用

莫斯科语义学派的语义元语言属于释义元语言。《最新俄语同义词解释词典》是莫斯科语义学派应用语义元语言工具进行释义的主要词典成果,该词典运用元语言词语,按照句法规则组成句子,通过描述特定情景,揭示同义词组的共同意义。语义元语言描述模式规范,信息含量充足,意义指向明确,为区别义辨析奠定了基础。     

美共与莫斯科的秘密经济关系探究

从美国共产党建立起到苏联解体之间,美共与莫斯科均有秘密经济关系。在不同阶段这种经济往来有不同的特点和作用,大体规律是:美共越兴盛,其对莫斯科依赖越小,越萧条依赖性越大,最后则成了莫斯科乞讨者,独立性完全丧失。莫斯科也因此负担沉重,这也是莫斯科包揽一切的消极后果。