后现代情境中的政治规划：哈特、奈格里后社会主义方案解析

从确认现代性及其危机到出现了后现代帝国主权的历史轨迹，伴随着现代性革命叙事的终结，最后至大众政治学的形成，展示了《帝国》替代性革命政治规划出场的内在逻辑。作为政治主体的大众、大众的政治策略和大众的政治诉求构成的大众政治学，宣告了哈特和奈格里后社会主义方案的正式出场，从而再现了当前以他们为代表的后马克思主义者对全球化时代社会主义理论和实践所作的新颖而大胆的探索。     

现代工业社会的劳动——围绕马克思劳动概念的考察

在发达工业社会中,工作形式正在发生快速的变更。按照哈特和奈格里的观点,从事物质生产的工业劳动已经被新的后工业形式的劳动所取代,这些已经不能通过马克思所阐述的以工业模式为基础的劳动理论来理解,我们需要崭新的关于“非物质的劳动”和“生态政治的生产”之概念。然而,哈特和奈格里对马克思劳动概念的批评是错误的,他们关于后工业社会劳动理论的阐述是混乱且无用的。适当地理解并且恰当地发展马克思的理论将会继续提供一种在现代世界中了解劳动本质的更为恰当的基础。     

LITTLE BROTHER BREAKS THE FIFTH COMMANDMENT

In 1976 Antonio Negri wrote an introduction to the Italian translation of Jerry Rubin's Growing (Up) at Thirty-Seven, the book that followed his iconic Yippie manifesto ‘Do it’ (Fallo! In Italian). Out of print for some time, the former (with Negri's introduction) was reprinted in 2009. Negri appears to be interested in the transformation of a culture that had flourished with the Yippies, advocating, and coagulating into, new forms of actions, notions of labour, sexuality and production of subjectivity through technological resistance (online and offline hacking), and later morphed into those young upwardly-mobile professionals known as Yuppies. What is the Italian equivalent of the American Yippies? Many participants in the Movement of 77 like the Metropolitan Indians engaged in a myriad of small illegalities quite similar to those technically described in Yippie newsletters (offline hacks). The new publication of this book, along with Negri's introduction, does not come as a surprise. In fact, it appears to establish a connection between those early years of struggles and social unrest and the global identity and political molecularization and dissipation that characterizes the later years. This text is comprised of two parts: the first is a translation of Negri's introduction to Rubin's book. The second critically examines that introduction, relocating it into the semiocapitalist context described by Franco Berardi (Bifo). We believe that this operation helps identify continuities between the underground movements that swept Italy in the mid-1970s, the rise and fall of the Yippies, and a number of dynamics that characterize today's social and political articulations. In particular, Negri's apparent interest in the Yippies and their transient passage tightening up a number of elements that characterize the current hybrid status of labour, the dispersed multiplicity of the political, and the formation of heterogeneous alliances among unlikely bedfellows. Finally, rereading Negri's Introduction allows us to reassess the relationship between himself and Bifo.     

Contemporary Afro and two-sidedness: Black diaspora aesthetic practices and the art market

This paper examines the cases of five mid-career artists with Afro origins – Ghada Amer, Julie Mehretu, Wangechi Mutu, Yinka Shonibare, and Kara Walker – using interviews and other data provided by the artists, dealers, curators, contemporary art historians, and a collector. Such a variety of voices follows Negri [2009. Art and Multitude: Nine Letters on Art, Followed by Metamorphoses: Art and Immaterial Labour. Translated by E. Emery. Cambridge, MA: Polity], who suggests a two-sidedness of art as activity and commodity. Black diaspora aesthetic practices – double consciousness, associated with both Du Bois Du Bois, W. E. B. 1903. The Souls of Black Folk. http://www.bartleby.com/114/100.html. [Google Scholar] [1903. The Souls of Black Folk. http://www.bartleby.com/114/100.html] and Gilroy [1993. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press], and post-black, linked to Golden [2001. Freestyle. New York: Studio Museum in Harlem] – are addressed as part of an evolution of multiple identities. This is about how these artists negotiate the social structure they find themselves inhabiting and encountering to create meaning. These artistic phenomena, as commodities dictated by the circulation of capital, draw attention to the contemporary art market. The management of artistic relationships between artists and their dealers emphasizes what Granovetter [1985. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91 (3): 481–510], [1992. “Economic Institutions as Social Constructions: A Framework for Analysis.” Acta Sociologica 35: 3–11] calls social embeddedness, the interdependence of economic and non-economic actions.     

马克思“共享理念”的三重维度——以哈特和奈格里为视角

挖掘马克思本人的“共享”理念是当前共享理念研究的一项非常必要的工作.哈特和奈格里的“共有”理论为之提供了独特视角,他们认为自然资源、物质性产品和非物质性产品等本应被共有的却被当前资本主义生命政治逻辑私有化.共有变私有阻碍共享,这一视角有助于理解马克思思想中的“共享”理论.马克思亦是从自然资源、物质性产品和非物质性产品三个方面的被私有化去批判资本主义制度对共享的阻碍.哈特和奈格里的“共有”理论实质是对马克思的“共享”的继承和发展.马克思的“共享”理念对我国共享社会的建构和共同富裕目标的实现亦有重要价值.