有机同系物的一个同系线性规律

对有机同系物的同系线性规律进行了探讨,提出了有机同系物的一种同系线性规律,其表达式为,并用有机共轭体系和双向共轭同系物的光电子能谱数据对该线性规律进行了验证。     

Increasing implicit and explicit attitudes toward an organic food brand by referencing to oneself

In the last decades, theoretical and empirical work has been devoted to implicit attitudes toward a large range of food items. Despite the increasing development of green labels in the food market, to our knowledge no study has investigated implicit attitudes toward organic food nor has tried to change them. Capitalizing on the important role of the self in consumer or pro-environmental behavior, we aim to change or form implicit and explicit attitudes toward organic food brands using the self. Moreover, we investigate the possibility of changing hypothetical shopping behavior, brand identification, and attitude change persistence. Targeting two fictitious brands of organic food in two studies, we use the Self-Referencing (SR) task, an evaluative learning paradigm that relies on both the use of the self as a positive source of evaluation and the common action to classify the self and a target. We assess its effects on implicit attitudes, using one of the most common indirect measure (Implicit Association Test), as well as on explicit attitudes. We show that the SR manipulation results in more positive implicit attitudes, explicit attitudes, and to more frequent hypothetical choice of products for the eco-brand paired with the self compared to the other eco-brand. SR manipulation also results in higher level of brand identification. Moreover, changes in implicit attitude mediate changes in explicit attitude, identification, and hypothetical choice. Finally, we provide evidence for the persistence of the effect: Participants liked and identified more with the brand originally paired with the self even after removing the pairing with the self. The discussion is organized around the importance of taking into account implicit attitudes toward organic food brands and the usefulness of the self in changing or forming these attitudes.     

Training needs of extension agents’ regarding organic agriculture in Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of extension agents for training on organic agriculture (OA) in the Riyadh Region. Fifty-five percent (n = 69) of extension agents were selected to collect data through an electronic survey. Results indicated that extension agents in the Riyadh Region cited on job training as a main source for acquiring knowledge in OA. Agents expressed interest in receiving training in OA in general, OA marketing, and transitioning to OA. The most useful resources were field days at organic farms, OA training sessions at colleges, and attending OA trial plots. There were no differences in the level of interest in training; however, there were significant differences between individuals in terms of their experience in OA, job responsibility for providing information related to OA, and area of specialization in their job. This study recommends developing professional training programs based on the current knowledge of extension agents.     

中西部地区县域经济的包容性增长——以云南昆明寻甸县为例

县是国家政权结构的基本单元,国家政权行使和行政管理的基础,县对上是宏观经济政策的贯彻者和执行者,对下是县域经济和社会发展的组织者和操作者。县域经济是以县级政权为调控主体,以发展本地经济为宗旨的区域性经济,实施县域经济包容性增长"双向三化一体"发展路径,必将历史性地一揽子解决集多民族、山区、贫困为一体的广大中西部扶贫开发地区的社会经济发展问题。     

包头师范学院有机化学实验教学改革探索

本文介绍了有机化学实验课程教学中存在的问题,初步探讨了包头师范学院化学、应用化学专业在有机化学实验教学过程中对实验教学内容、实验教学方式、实验室三废处理、学生成绩评定等方面进行的改革以及取得的成果。     

Family farmers and major retail chains in the Brazilian organic sector: Assessing new development pathways. A case study in a peri-urban district of São Paulo

The expansion of the organic sector in Brazil is seen as a leverage for the social emancipation of the small family farmers. Next to the traditional alternatives circuits of organic food and farming, new powerful capitalistic actors, such as supermarket chains, are rapidly entering the Brazilian organic arena. Can family farming benefit from the development of these “conventional” commercialisation circuits in the organic sector? Research undertaken in 2007, in a green belt rural community of São Paulo, shows how family farmers may have benefited from the implication of large retail chains in the organic sector and how an economically and ecologically outstanding agriculture may arise from these circumstances. However, we highlight the crucial role played by social regulation: only strong solidarity between farmers and the implication of technicians, militants and researchers in the process made it possible to counter the negative effects of the liberal logic governing the development of organic farming via the major retailers. Still, as tougher competition is expected on the regional organic market, the development of short supply chains involving “committed” consumers and the broader integration of the local farmers in networks of organic militancy appear crucial. It would guarantee a continuous enhancement of the local human and social capital, reinforce an emerging process of internal conversion and allow for a stronger social regulation of the future local development pattern.     

Organic food and the plural moralities of food provisioning

The aim of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to unfold the moral complexity of organic food consumption as part of household food provisioning. By acknowledging this complexity, and the difficulty of determining what is ‘good’ and ‘right’ in food provisioning, the idea is to allow for a better understanding of how organic food may, or may not, fit in with the various concerns of food provisioning. The second aim is to analyse how food provisioners handle this complexity so that food provisioning can proceed as an ordinary everyday activity.The paper analyses empirical material from a study of household food provisioning in Denmark. Theoretically, it draws on French pragmatic sociology as represented by the work of Boltanski and Thévenot on moral conventions and regimes of engagement. The analysis illustrates that food provisioning involves several competing sets of moral conventions and that the status of organic food in relation to these is often uncertain and contested. However, it also identifies among provisioners different strategies for handling this moral complexity in ordinary everyday life. The paper calls for some modesty in trying to change consumer behaviour in favour of organic products. Providing consumers with more information about organic food may not make it easier to determine what is ‘good’ and ‘right’ when buying food. It may only add to the complexity of food provisioning and thus to the need for compromise and pragmatism.     

阿诺德：文化精英主义者抑或有机知识分子？

阿诺德不仅是传统意义上的“文人”及文化精英主义者，其《多佛海滩》为代表的传世佳作，通过诗歌即“人生批评”的理论奠定了英国文学批评的基础，而且更是葛兰西意义上的“有机知识分子”，毕生致力于改造由心胸狭隘、不具亲和力、不具吸引力的中产阶级所代表的维多利亚时代英国社会。换言之，传播与丰富“世界上的最佳思想与言论”的，并非是作为传统文人的阿诺德，而是作为有机知识分子的阿诺德。     

我国有机农业发展对农产品质量安全体系建设的影响

我国土地广袤,是世界农产品第一生产大国,农产品质量安全问题是当前农业发展中的重大问题,它直接关系到人类健康的安全、农产品市场的安全和农业可持续发展的安全。而有机农业是在整个农产品的生产过程中,不使用任何化学合成的农药、化肥以及其他转基因合成品的一种生产方式,遵循的是一种健康、可持续的发展理念。有机农业采取可持续发展的农业技术,维持持续稳定的农业生产过程,注重农业土壤的质量安全,作物生长环境的生态环保,可有效提高农业生产安全水平,从而根本上提高整个农产品的质量安全。大力发展有机农业,从源头上切断农产品污染的渠道,并进行全程质量安全控制,可有效控制农产品质量安全问题的发生。     

山西省有机农业生产体系的构建

发展有机农业可使现代化农业带来的一系列环境问题得以改善,可为山西经济的发展培养持续产业,可提升山西农业发展的水平;山西省具有发展有机农业的工作基础;山西省有机农业生产体系构建的总体思路是与国际接轨,严格按照国际标准设定,并与“十一五”期间政府财政对农业的扶持相结合,出台相应的政策体系,确保目标的实现。