中国公民社会成长中的若干问题

处于现代化纵深发展的中国社会,正在经历着方向相反的两种变化趋势,一种是向下的变化即社会的衰败,另一种是向上的变化即中国公民社会的发展。只有中国公民社会充分发展了,社会才能获得足以克服衰败的巨大力量。中国公民社会的产生和发展是在市场经济基础上社会发展的必然趋势;人文主义的启蒙和人性的解放是公民社会生长的精神支柱;志愿者行动对公民社会具有重要意义;公益慈善是公民社会人际关系的基本纽带。中国公民社会的建设在现有的政治体制下,还要走很长的路,还会遇到许多困难和曲折,需要我们坚持不懈地共同努力,才能把它不断推向前进。     

从宗教文化透视美国高等教育捐赠传统

慈善捐赠在美国高等教育发展进程中具有十分重要的意义,它支撑了美国的近代高等教育,拓展了美国高校的服务职能,加速了美国研究型大学的诞生。从文化心理思考,美国的高等教育捐赠植根于美国浓厚的宗教文明,导致了美国近代高等教育的诞生和现代美国高等教育的高度发达。     

论社区视野下的慈善事业发展

我国传统社会形成了以"仁"为核心的慈善理念。近代以来,传统慈善理念逐渐消解,而现代慈善理念还未建立。"差序格局"的社会结构、地缘优势和社区精英使社区成为培育现代慈善理念的良好载体。在现代慈善理念的指导下,个人和社区自治组织将是推动社区慈善事业发展的主体。由于个人和社区自治组织不是强势力量,在推进社区慈善事业发展的过程中还需要政府部门和社区工作专家保驾护航。     

高校是培育与传播慈善文化的重要基地

为促进慈善事业的发展,需要构建适应现代慈善事业发展需要的慈善文化,而慈善文化的培育与高校有着紧密的联系。高校具有培育与传播慈善文化的责任,面对我国高校慈善文化发展过程中所出现的种种困境,比如,重视慈善文化建设的高校数量较少、高校慈善教育缺乏协调机制、高校慈善文化教育体系缺失等,因此,完善教育管理制度、增强师资队伍、加强教材建设、完善慈善课程、增加慈善实践有利于来加强慈善文化建设,促进慈善事业的发展。     

慈善捐赠、公司治理与股东财富

近些年来,越来越多的企业开始从事慈善捐赠,而企业这种利他主义行为会给股东财富带来何种影响却始终没有得到回答。通过研究2008年汶川地震后中国上市公司的捐赠行为,本文发现慈善捐赠对于股东财富来说是一把双刃剑:不论从短期还是长期来看,累计超额回报率均和捐赠排名正相关,表明了慈善捐赠能够提升股东财富;而对于成长性高的公司而言,其捐款的机会成本较高,企业的捐赠活动降低了股东财富。更为重要的是,慈善捐赠对于股东财富的提升仅体现在大股东非绝对控股和机构持股的公司中,说明只有有效的公司治理机制才能够确保企业做出最大化股东财富的捐赠行为。本文的发现为更好地评价和规范企业慈善捐赠活动提供了一定的经验支持。     

The comfort of strangers: social work,modernity and late Victorian England—Part II

This is the second of two related articles on the history of social work in late Victorian England. In the previous article I showed that the emergence of social work was best understood by aligning it with the complex cultural system of modernity. In this paper the influence of modernity on the formation of social work is taken further by focusing on the way that regimes of practice were shaped by material, physical and visual elements. A distinctive set of spatio-temporal elements are identified that have hitherto been overlooked in ‘histories of social work’. The paper shows how the power of place, and the power over place in early social work, relates directly to the modern experience of Victorian England while shaping the remit of contemporary social work. Home visits, for example, meant that social workers could for the first time attempt to ‘regulate at a distance’, and involved what is referred to as the ‘domestication of stranger relations’. The paper further explores the way in which the history of social work can benefit from exploring the experience-content of early social workers and how organizational imperatives for charity relief were often formed from the bottom-up during this period. At the end of the paper there are some considerations about the way in which a European approach to the history of social work can be instructive and beneficial.     

浅析慈善文化建设之深层理念培育

慈善事业的发展首先表现为社会成员广泛而踊跃的慈善行为，要激发人们的慈善行为就必须首先激发人们的慈善意识。而人们慈善意识的激发是基于主体理性的自觉认知基础上的，为此深层次的慈善理念培育至关重要，特别表现在如下四个方面：健康的财富观、人文关怀理念、社会责任感和“助人就是助己”的特殊功利观。     

浅析慈善文化建设之深层理念培育

慈善事业的发展首先表现为社会成员广泛而踊跃的慈善行为,要激发人们的慈善行为就必须首先激发人们的慈善意识。而人们慈善意识的激发是基于主体理性的自觉认知基础上的,为此深层次的慈善理念培育至关重要,特别表现在如下四个方面:健康的财富观、人文关怀理念、社会责任感和助人就是助己的特殊功利观。     

The Influence of Religion on Philanthropy in Canada

Recognition of the multi-cultural nature of the Canadian population has led companies across a wide array of business domains to reach beyond their traditional bases of support to focus on hitherto untapped communities as potential markets for their goods and services. Competitive conditions within the voluntary sector have pushed nonprofits along this same path. However, no systematic Canadian research reports on the attitudes, social norms, benefits sought, expectations, opportunities, experiences, or behaviors of sub-communities in the voluntary sector. This paper examines philanthropic behavior by religion using data from the Statistics Canada 2000 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating. The paper compares and contrasts the voluntary and philanthropic behaviors of the Canadian population across religious groups; compares and contrasts the motivations for and perceived impediments against such behaviors; and articulates and examines a model that traces the influence of religion on voluntary and philanthropic behavior in Canada’s multi-cultural society.     

The Philanthropic Poor: In Search of Explanations for the Relative Generosity of Lower Income Households

In this study we investigate the relationship between income and charitable giving. Previous research shows inconsistent findings regarding both the effect of income on the probability of giving and the proportion of income spent on charitable giving. We test hypotheses with the Giving in The Netherlands Panel Study 2003 (N = 1,316). We do not find an effect of income on the probability of giving, but a consistent negative effect of income on both total and religious donations as a proportion of income. This effect cannot be explained by stronger religious affiliation of lower income groups, or by other differences such as age, and price of giving. We find evidence in favor of a giving standard: Norms concerning the level of donations in specific situations that people in different income groups share, leading lower income groups to donate a higher proportion of their income.