Women Underrepresentation in R&I: A Sector Program Assessment of the Contribution of Gender Equality Policies in Research and Innovation

Despite decades of efforts to achieve gender equality in research and innovation (R&I), all EU member states still face remarkable difficulties in driving forward the development of their innovation system while at the same time improving gender equality by using all the available research potential. In this paper we focus on the development of the share of women researchers in four national innovation systems, i.e. in Austria, Denmark, Hungary and Spain in the time period 2005-2015. The four selected cases represent countries with significant differences in their innovation capacity, gender regimes and progress of gender equality in R&I. A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is carried out to conduct a sector program evaluation based on statistical data and qualitative studies to understand the dynamic development of the proportion of women researchers. The study aims to provide insights into the aggregated gender equality interventions and policies implemented in the four countries studied and their contributions to the development of the proportion of women scientists at the structural level. The analysis reveals that the development of the share of women researchers during the studied period has been particularly influenced by contextual factors, namely the relative size of the business enterprise sector and the share of women among holders of tertiary education. While this is the case, it is found that gender equality interventions need to be more widespread and more effectively designed to be a strong contributing factor to an increasing representation of women in R&I.     

The Diffusion of Home Computers Among Households in Silicon Valley

No abstract available for this article.     

论《十一家注孙子》对儒家和兵家治国战略思想的整合

《十一家注孙子》汇集了自魏武帝曹操至北宋张预等十一位注家对《孙子》的注解。从治国战略的角度看,这些注文既阐释了孙子关于民本论、义利论、慎战论和伐交论几方面的思想,同时在注释过程中又融合了儒家的治国战略思想在内,明显体现出“以儒释兵”、“兵儒整合”的思想倾向,是对儒家和兵家治国战略思想的融通。     

Space,place, and the materiality of Internet Studies: an introduction to the #AoIR18 special issue

ABSTRACT

In this introduction we are pleased to present the papers invited to the #AoIR18 special issue, and the thematic for the annual Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR) conference.     

《红楼梦》脂评本与《还原脂砚斋》——对八十年来新红学派存在价值的质疑

《红楼梦》脂评本自上世纪30年代胡适"发现"以来,一直被红学界认作研究《红楼梦》最有价值也是最为可信的本子。但对脂评在《红楼梦》问世后一百七十余年方始"出世",其真实性究竟如何,后人还是有权利质疑的。欧阳健《还原脂砚斋》一书对脂砚斋及脂评本的存在提出了许多值得我们认真思考的问题。奉脂评本为红学研究圭臬的人为保卫自己的"精神饭碗"和"研究成果",必须作出有效的反应,否则己之研究成果当存在付诸东流的危险。