Structural empowerment,psychological empowerment,and work engagement: A cross-country study

In this cross-country study we drew on job demands-resources theory to investigate whether psychological empowerment mediates the positive association between structural empowerment and work engagement and, consequently, task performance and intention to quit. A total of 1033 employees working in the service sector in Spain (N = 515) and the United Kingdom (N = 518) participated in the study. Multi-group structural equation modeling analyses revealed that psychological empowerment partially mediated the positive relationship between structural empowerment and work engagement, and that work engagement associated positively with task performance and negatively with intention to quit. Invariance analyses suggested that the positive link between psychological empowerment and work engagement was stronger for employees working in the UK than in Spain, providing support for partial structural invariance of the hypothesized model. These findings suggest that psychological empowerment is an underlying mechanism that may explain why structural empowerment relates positively to work engagement with implications for theory (i.e., extend the nomological network of the investigated constructs) and management practice (e.g., emphasize the role of structural empowerment for work design).     

论中心信息等值原则在英汉习语互译中的应用

如何在英汉习语的互译中做到从形式到内容、从达意到传情、从语言到文化的成功转换是个难题。文章根据中心信息等值的原则 ,介绍了几种技巧 ,以寻求的语与源语之间表达效果的相同或相近     

文体翻译对等的量化评估

文体对等是翻译过程中所要求达到对等的一个层面。本文通过统计正负文体成分在语篇中的比值,来量化评估译文与原文在文体上是否对等,通过实例评估取得了较为满意的结果,为量化评估译文质量开辟了一条道路。     

英汉习语的文化翻译

由于文化背景的不同,英汉两种语言的习语文化内涵也有差异。该文先从思维方式、风俗习惯、宗教神话和地域环境四方面讨论了英汉习语文化内涵的不同,然后分析了引起习语翻译障碍的原因,依据等效翻译理论对习语翻译的方法作了简要探讨。     

Causal inference with generalized structural mean models

Summary.  We estimate cause–effect relationships in empirical research where exposures are not completely controlled, as in observational studies or with patient non-compliance and self-selected treatment switches in randomized clinical trials. Additive and multiplicative structural mean models have proved useful for this but suffer from the classical limitations of linear and log-linear models when accommodating binary data. We propose the generalized structural mean model to overcome these limitations. This is a semiparametric two-stage model which extends the structural mean model to handle non-linear average exposure effects. The first-stage structural model describes the causal effect of received exposure by contrasting the means of observed and potential exposure-free outcomes in exposed subsets of the population. For identification of the structural parameters, a second stage 'nuisance' model is introduced. This takes the form of a classical association model for expected outcomes given observed exposure. Under the model, we derive estimating equations which yield consistent, asymptotically normal and efficient estimators of the structural effects. We examine their robustness to model misspecification and construct robust estimators in the absence of any exposure effect. The double-logistic structural mean model is developed in more detail to estimate the effect of observed exposure on the success of treatment in a randomized controlled blood pressure reduction trial with self-selected non-compliance.     

基于因果关系的教育研究方法思考

探索、检验因果关系是教育科学研究的重要目标之一,相关分析、回归分析、路径分析等常用统计方法存在许多不足。结构方程模型是针对这些不足提出来的,从统计思路上,它具有优点,但还不够完善,应引起我国教育学界的注意。     

论翻译再现的层次

翻译是一种双语行为。既要侧重于研究原语、解读原文文本,又要侧重于研究译语,在原文与译文文本表现法之间找到一个平衡点。表现法的目的是探讨如何将“获得的意义”落实到得体的目的语文本中。本文着重研究翻译表现法的基本原则,根据译者对意义把握和意义表达程度的深浅,翻译再现的层次可分为表层翻译、中介层翻译和深层翻译。     

试论戏剧翻译的标准

译文的使用目的决定了不同体裁文体的翻译应遵循不同的翻译标准。本文分析了戏剧翻译的特点,提出戏剧翻译应以功能对等为原则,以原语和译语观众能获得大体相同的反应为标准,并探讨了为达到功能对等需对译文进行调整。     

广告英语中双关语的翻译

双关语的可译性一直是翻译界争论的热点。语言、文化及表达习惯的差异,使双关语翻译难以兼顾其双重含义。"功能对等"理论以译语读者为中心,注重译文在译语语言和文化环境中所预期达到的功能,为双关语的翻译另辟蹊径。对英语广告中双关语的翻译来说,译文只要能产生与原文相似的广告效应,能使译文读者获得与原文读者近乎相同的感受就是成功的翻译。     

影视翻译初探

本文提出了影视翻译的重要性 ,呼吁翻译届对影视翻译的重视。作者概括了影视语言的五大特点和应遵循的原则与技巧。在坚持传统的“信 ,达 ,雅”翻译观的基础上 ,提出了影视翻译应以“达”(通顺 )为主 ,以译入语观众为目标的功能对等翻译论 ,以期为影视翻译提供一种新的理论视角和操作模式。