“哲学意味”与“补史之阙”

传统上西方人为小说辩护的理由是它“更富于哲学意味” ,中国人的辩护理由是它“有可观之辞”。从文化传播的角度看 ,小说的功能正在补正统文化之缺 ,后一种理由更符合实际。文人大规模地介入小说活动 ,使小说成为沟通各种文化的公共领域。 2 0世纪以后 ,西方出现了将哲学“非中心化”的主张 ;从鲁迅开始 ,中国现代小说摆脱“历史癖” ,强化了批判精神。当代小说仍应发挥传统 ,沟通文人的批判意识和民众智慧 ,采取积极策略     

整代数体函数的亏量

研究了一类具有v＋1个亏值的v-值整代数体函数，利用整代数体函数的级与特征函数及其亏值亏量的定义和性质，借助线性无关性、克兰姆法则、Jensen公式及对数导数定理进行分析推理，得出这类整代数体函数的所有亏量之和不超过v．     

Efficient Estimation of a Distribution Function under Quadrant Dependence

LetX₁,X₂, ..., be real-valued random variables forming a strictly stationary sequence, and satisfying the basic requirement of being either pairwise positively quadrant dependent or pairwise negatively quadrant dependent. LetF^ be the marginal distribution function of theX_ips, which is estimated by the empirical distribution functionF_n and also by a smooth kernel-type estimateF_n, by means of the segmentX₁, ...,X_n. These estimates are compared on the basis of their mean squared errors (MSE). The main results of this paper are the following. Under certain regularity conditions, the optimal bandwidth (in the MSE sense) is determined, and is found to be the same as that in the independent identically distributed case. It is also shown thatn MSE(F_n(t)) andnMSE (F^_n(t)) tend to the same constant, asn→∞ so that one can not discriminate be tween the two estimates on the basis of the MSE. Next, ifi(n) = min {k∈{1, 2, ...}; MSE (F_k(t)) ≤ MSE (F_n(t))}, then it is proved thati(n)/n tends to 1, asn→∞. Thus, once again, one can not choose one estimate over the other in terms of their asymptotic relative efficiency. If, however, the squared bias ofF^_n(t) tends to 0 sufficiently fast, or equivalently, the bandwidthh_n satisfies the requirement thatnh³_n→ 0, asn→∞, it is shown that, for a suitable choice of the kernel, (i(n) ?n)/(nh_n) tends to a positive number, asn→∞ It follows that the deficiency ofF_n(t) with respect toF^_n(t),i(n) ?n, is substantial, and, actually, tends to ∞, asn→∞. In terms of deficiency, the smooth estimateF^_n(t) is preferable to the empirical distribution functionF_n(t)     

Psychologically and biochemically assessed stress in a follow-up study of long-term unemployed

Abstract

It has been suggested that psychological stress is one of the reasons for the high morbidity among unemployed people in Western countries. The same may apply to the well-documented high mortality. It would be expected that increased levels of biological stress would be found in these people. In the present study a sample of 310 long-term unemployed people from Norway was followed for 2 years. Psychologcal stress was assessed by medical examination and by the psychometric tests GHQ-28 and HSCL-30, the latter compared with a reference population of employed people. Serum levels of cortisol, prolactin and testosterone, together with immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM, were compared with working controls. The unemployed had a high level of psychological distress at the first examination, the sanie for men and women. At the 2-year follow up distress was reduced by re-employment. This fits the ‘causation hypothesis' which explains the high distress level as caused by unemployment. The other direction of causation, ‘the selection hypothesis', assuming that distressed persons have an increased chance of continuous unemployment, was also confirmed in the present study. As for biological stress, significant differences were not found between the unemployment, the re-employed and the working controls.     

新型农村社区建设中孝道的缺失与重建

孝道是中华民族优良的传统道德准则,是养老敬老的前提和基础.随着农村社区的的不断发展和农业生产方式的改变,孝道的维持机制失去了效力,乡村孝道的评价标准变得功利化和理性化.为了解决新型农村社区建设中出现的养老问题,要对我国传统孝道进行重新解析和定位,转变孝道关系双方的观念,实现公众舆论的正确引导和监督作用.     

加快新农村建设促进县域经济跨越式发展

党的十六届五中全会提出建设社会主义新农村的伟大战略.本文以安徽合肥市为实例,通过实地调研,分析了目前合肥市在社会主义新农村建设中所取得的成绩,存在的不足,并针对这些不足,在认真分析研究的基础上,提出了相关对策建议.     

新时期明代诗歌和诗学整理研究之不足及其对策--从有关谢榛及其著述的研究整理谈起

回顾、检视对谢榛其人、其诗、其诗学理论研究和对其著述整理的历史,可以说和整个明代诗歌、诗学整理研究一样,新时期以来,亦形成一个高潮,并取得了长足的进展.但是,从有关谢榛及其著作的整理研究存在的种种不足和偏差,亦可管窥新时期明代诗歌和诗学整理研究在宏观上、尤其是在微观上存在的蹈袭历史成见、人云亦云、主观推断、不着边际、等等弊端.其问题的关键在于某些违背精神生产的计划管理和行政干预、某些权威刊物过分强调宏观研究的导向、某些评职晋级的不合理规定、出版部门的经营体制以及市场经济的冲击、社会不良风气的影响等造成的学风浮躁和学术惰性的滋长蔓延,使越来越多的人丧失了创新精神,也使一些投机者、混子儿找到了在学术界一展身手的可乘之机.弥补和减少这些不足和偏差的对策应是加强基础建设、加强创作实践的研究、重视微观研究、学者要坚守阵地自立自强、提倡"文人相轻"相互辩难、研究者尝试创作、打通古今等.     

流动人口计划生育服务与生殖保健需求缺口及应对

流动人口是易于受伤害,合法权益难以保障的特殊人口群体。为确保流动人口都能享受到计划生育技术服务和生殖保健服务,本文探索了这两种需求服务的缺口及原因,并提出了规范服务的应对措施建议。     

Could gonadal and adrenal androgen deficiencies contribute to the depressive symptoms in men with systolic heart failure?

Background: Testosterone (TT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) are neurosteroids and their deficiencies constitute the hormone risk factors promoting the development of depression in elderly otherwise healthy men. We investigated the link between hypogonadism and depression in accordance with age and concomitant diseases in men with systolic HF using the novel scale previously dedicated for elderly population.

Methods: We analysed the prevalence of depression and severity of depressive symptoms in population of 226 men with systolic HF (40–80 years) compared to 379 healthy peers. The severity of depression was assessed using the Polish long version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).

Results: In men aged 40–59 years the severity of depressive symptoms was greater in NYHA classes III–IV compared to NYHA classes I–II and reference group. In men aged 60–80 years depressive symptoms were more severe in NYHA class III-IV compared to controls (all p?≤?0.001). In multivariate logistic regression model in men aged 40–59 years advanced NYHA class was associated with higher prevalence of mild depression (OR?=?2.14, 95%CI: 1.07–4.29) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with higher prevalence of severe depression (OR?=?69.1, 95%CI: 2.11–2264.3). In men aged 60–80 years advanced NYHA class and TT deficiency were related to higher prevalence of mild depression (respectively: OR?=?2.9, 95%CI: 1.3–6.4; OR?=?3.6, 95%CI: 1.2–10.63).

Conclusion: TT deficiency, COPD and advanced NYHA class were associated with higher prevalence of depression in men with systolic HF.     

Total testosterone levels are correlated to metabolic syndrome components

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of interrelated risk factors of metabolic origin. Some studies suggest a possible link between low total testosterone (TT) levels and the presence of MetS.

Aim: To analyze the strength and independence of associations between TT and MetS components in non-diabetic men.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 143 non-diabetic men older than 40 were analyzed.

Main outcomes measure: Blood samples were collected to evaluate metabolic profile and TT levels. MetS was defined as the presence of three or more of the following characteristics: fasting blood glucose levels?≥?100?mg/dL, triglyceride?≥?150?mg/dL, HDL-c??102?cm.

Results: Mean age of the study population was 61.5?±?8.61 years old. MetS was present in 47.9% of the individuals. Thirty-four men had low TT and MetS was observed in 23 (70%) against 50 (46%) in those with normal TT (≥?300?ng/dL) (OR 4.94, p?p?=?0.03) and HDL-c (Beta: 0.19; p?=?0.04) remained significantly correlated with TT levels.

Conclusions: Low TT levels were associated with MetS diagnosis. Abdominal obesity was the MetS component independently correlated to low TT levels.