未成年人犯罪案件审查起诉方式的改革

未成年人犯罪案件有其特殊性 ,而我国现行的刑法、刑事诉讼法对此几乎没有给予适当的关注 ,这不利于依法保护未成年人合法权益 ,不利于减少未成年人犯罪。当前 ,一些地方进行的对未成年人犯罪案件暂缓起诉的改革探索是有益的。建议我国立法机关对此充分重视 ,为未成年人犯罪案件设立有关特别的刑事诉讼程序。     

Marital Conflict,Ineffective Parenting,and Children's and Adolescents' Maladjustment

Data from the 1988 National Survey on Families and Households were analyzed to examine the associations among marital conflict, ineffective parenting, and children's and adolescents' maladjustment. Parents' use of harsh discipline and low parental involvement helped explain the connection between marital conflict and children's maladjustment in children aged 2 through 11. Parent‐child conflict was measured only in families with a target teenager and also was a significant mediator. Although ineffective parenting explained part of the association between marital conflict and children's maladjustment, independent effects of marital conflict remained in families with target children aged 2 through 11 (but not for families with a teenager). With a few exceptions, this pattern of findings was consistent for mothers' and fathers' reports, for daughters and sons, for families with various ethnic backgrounds, and for families living in and out of poverty.     

青少年疏离感的特点及其与家庭功能的关系

通过对875名初一至高二学生的问卷调查,探讨了青少年疏离感发展的特点及其与家庭功能的关系。结果发现：（1）青少年的环境疏离感最高,其次是社会疏离感,人际疏离感最低。（2）高中生疏离感显著高于初中生,在每一年龄段内,疏离感随年级升高而增强;但青少年疏离感性别差异不显著。（3）家庭功能中的角色、沟通、情感反应和情感介入可以显著正向预测青少年的疏离感,问题解决和行为控制对青少年疏离感的预测不显著。     

A case of suspected child abuse by an adolescent mother: The use of short-term psychotherapy

The incidence of pregnancy during adolescence has escalated dramatically in recent years, with an estimated half a million infants born to teenagers each year in the United States. A disproportionately high amount of child abuse and/or neglect is encountered among adolescent parents, underscoring the need for an effective intervention strategy. Short-term psychotherapy may be beneficial in these cases for forging a therapeutic alliance expeditiously and rigorously challenging the patient's resistance. The case described involves alleged abuse by a 16-year-old mother. An intervention was designed to clarify the allegations surrounding the abusive incident, help the mother confront episodes of loss in her own life and overcome feelings of hopelessness engendered by separation from her infant.     

Adolescent parenthood,economic issues,and social policies

Adolescent parenthood has highly publicized adverse social and economic consequences, but these same social and economic disadvantages can be viewed as root causes of adolescent pregnancy. Recent research and revisionist debates about these issues are reviewed and summarized. Diverse implications for social policy are considered. Prevention approaches are emphasized that build on both postponing adolescent sexual intercourse and helping sexually active teens avoid pregnancy.Appreciation is expressed to Christine Bachrach and Kristin Moore for their comments on a previous version of this paper.Dr. Miller's current research interests are the family antecedents of adolescent sexual behavior and the design and evaluation of prevention programs for adolescent problem behaviors. He received his Ph.D. in family sociology from the University of Minnesota in 1975.     

我国文化视野下的青少年自我同一性问卷编制

探索我国文化背景下的青少年自我同一性结构,运用访谈法、问卷法对1000多名包括中学生、大学生在内的青少年进行自我同一性结构的大样本研究,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,得出青少年学生自我同一性结构的八因素结构模型为最优模型。我国文化背景下的青少年自我同一性结构包括自我方向感、自我价值感等八个因素,问卷从自我同一性危机的程度揭示青少年自我同一性发展程度,为自我同一性这一抽象的概念提供了易于理解的新视角,是适于我国文化背景下的青少年自我同一性测量工具。     

Collaborative Data-Mining in an Adolescent Mental Health Service

Summary

As full participants in a collaborative clinical data-mining project intended to promote staff reflection and to improve services, clinicians discovered just how valuable their practice expertise was in maintaining project relevance. In this paper, they describe challenges they faced as non-experienced researchers and writers and how their practice skills enabled them to overcome these challenges. Benefits derived include: enhanced skills (in both practice and research), sensitization to previously overlooked areas of practice, and an increased sense of professionalism.     

The functional patterns of adolescent mothers leaving foster care: Results from a cluster analysis

Few studies have explored the outcomes of adolescent mothers leaving foster care, especially using person‐oriented methods. The current study employed a cluster analysis to identify unique patterns of functioning among adolescent mothers aged 19 (n = 777). Data from the National Youth in Transition Database and the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System were utilized. Findings revealed five subpopulations characterized by distinct constellations of outcomes at age 19. The largest group (43%) exhibited competent functioning across all the domains studied—its members were connected to school and/or employment and did not experience homelessness, substance abuse referrals, or incarceration during the past 2 years (i.e., “resilient”). A relatively small group (12%) exhibited challenges across all the above‐referenced domains, whereas the remaining groups presented challenges in some domains, but not in others. Follow‐up analyses revealed that adolescent mothers classified as resilient at age 19 had the lowest rates of congregate care placements and the highest rates of nonrelative foster care placements at age 17. Moreover, they had lower placement instability and higher rates of extended foster care as compared with members of the other clusters. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.