Association of bioavailable estradiol levels and testosterone levels with serum albumin levels in elderly men

Estrogens are reported to be the essential sex steroid acting on some male physiological functions, and bioavailable estrogens comprise the free and albumin-bound fractions. Moreover, most of the bioavailable sex steroid is made up of albumin-bound fraction. We examined the age-related change in serum free, albumin-bound and bioavailable estradiol levels in comparison with each fraction of testosterone and its relationship with serum albumin level in elderly men. Albumin-bound as well as bioavailable estradiol levels declined with age, and their decreases were associated much more with the decrease of albumin level than the increase of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) level in sixties and seventies, and similar results were recognized in the level of each fraction of testosterone, suggesting albumin levels have an important role for maintaining bioavailable sex steroid levels in males aged over sixty. Moreover, our study showed that SHBG levels associated inversely with bioavailable sex steroid levels particularly when serum albumin level was low. It seems likely that the decrease of bioavailable estradiol as well as testosterone is induced by the decrease of albumin-bound fractions in combination with the increase of SHBG-bound fractions in males aged over sixty, and that their physical characteristics of aging could be induced by the decrease of albumin-bound fractions caused by the decrease of serum albumin regardless of total sex steroid levels.     

头孢噻肟钠人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用碳化二亚胺法将头孢噻肟钠（CTX）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）以及卵清白蛋白（OVA）分别进行偶联,合成完全抗原（CTX—BSA,CTX—OVA）,紫外吸收光谱（uV）和凝胶电泳（SDS．PAGE）进行鉴定并测定CTX—BSA的偶联比,结果显示：与CTX（235．0nm）、BSA（278nm）、OVA（232．0,278．0nm）相比,CTX-BSA（213．0,275．5nm）,CTX—OVA（223．5,274．5nm）特征吸收峰位移明显,CTX—BSA的偶联比为5．8：1．CTX—BSA与BSA以及CTX—OVA与OVA的SDS—PEG图谱相比,完全抗原泳动速度滞后．以CTX—BSA免疫动物并用间接酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定抗血清效价,血清效价≥1：100000．以CTX对免疫血清进行间接竞争ELISA测定,CTX可有效抑制免疫血清效价．     

糖化血红蛋白、糖化白蛋白及空腹血糖在糖尿病诊断中的价值

目的：评估糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血清糖化白蛋白（Glycated Albumin,GA）及空腹血糖（Fasting Plasma Glucose, FPG）在糖尿病（ Diabetes Mellitus,DM）患者早期诊断中的价值。方法收集2010～2013年浙江省台州医院同时检测HbA1c、GA及FPG的人群的相关数据,分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,进行受试者工作特征曲线（ Receiver Operator Character-istic curve,ROC曲线）分析以得出3种指标诊断DM的cut-off值、曲线下面积（ Area Under the Curve,AUC）其灵敏度、特异性,再进一步计算3种指标联合诊断DM的灵敏度及特异性。结果①DM组的HbA1c、GA及FPG均高于非DM 组（ HbA1c：9．14％vs．5．84％, P ＝0．000;GA：24．8mmol/Lvs．13．8mmol/L, P ＝0．000;FPG：9．65mmol/L vs．5．77mmol/L, P ＝0．000）。②HbA1c诊断DM的cut-off值为6．85％,AUC为0．911,灵敏度为84．2％,特异性为96．2％;GA诊断DM的cut-off值为17．5,AUC为0．881,灵敏度为71．6％,特异性为93．6％;FPG诊断DM的cut-off值为7．52mmol/L,AUC为0．836,灵敏度为70．2％,特异性为82．1％。③HbA1c、GA及FPG联合诊断DM的灵敏度及特异性分别为91．1％,76．3％。结论HbA1c、GA及FPG对DM皆有诊断价值,其中HbA1c的诊断DM效能最大。 HbA1c、GA及FPG联合诊断可提高DM诊断的灵敏度,在DM筛查中具有重要价值。     

高压静电法制备蛋白类药物微胶囊

探索了将高压静电法用于制备蛋白药的可能性，选用牛血清白蛋白为芯材，海藻酸钙-壳聚糖为壁材进行了微胶囊化研究，并对芯材／壁材的比例、壳聚糖浓度及微胶囊释放情况进行了研究．结果表明，此方法制备的牛血清白蛋白微胶囊不但形状圆整、粒径分布均匀，而且有较高的包封率和载药量，是一种很好的制备蛋白类药物微胶囊的方法．     

Predictors of low bone mineral density in elderly males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of body mass index

Objective.?The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between nutritional indices (Body mass index (BMI), serum albumin), sarcopenia, bone mineral density (BMD) and the severity of their pulmonary obstruction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods.?The method involved was a prospective transversal study; 82 males >65 years old, 41 stable patients with COPD and 41 healthy elderly individuals (controls). All subjects underwent spirometry, biochemical analyses and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The significance of the differences between mean values and prevalence rates was tested. The relationships between BMD and independent predictors were analysed by multiple linear regressions. Logistic regression models were applied on dichotomised variables.

Results.?In patients with COPD, the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in subjects with sarcopenia (46% vs. 0%; p?<?0.05) and with BMI?<?25.1?kg/m² (58% vs. 15%; p?<?0.02). Multiple regression analysis indicated that BMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), albumin, and forced expiration volume after 1?s (FEV1) explained the 70% of BMD variability at the hip and 56% at the spine. Logistic regression showed that a BMI?<?25.1?kg/m² was independently associated with osteoporosis risk (OR?=?10.0; 95%CI 1.3–76); no independent effect emerged for FEV1% (<and ?50%).

Conclusion.?In elderly males with COPD, the BMI values?≤25?kg/m² are more strongly related to low BMD levels than albumin values. Among those patients, BMI values within the normal range for younger adults might point out a higher risk of osteoporosis.     

正交设计优化八氟丙烷白蛋白微球混悬液的制备工艺

目的优化八氟丙烷白蛋白微球混悬液的制备工艺。方法以微球的平均直径和浓度为考察指标，以八氟丙烷通气量、声振强度和终点温度作为工艺条件进行三因素三水平的正交试验。结果最佳工艺条件为采用1％人血白蛋白溶液20 mL，声振强度90％，5 s内通入八氟丙烷2 mL，终点温度77 ℃。结论采用该最佳工艺制备的八氟丙烷白蛋白微球混悬液，微球浓度高而且稳定。     

二氢吡啶类药物与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

目的研究二氢吡啶类药物(DHP)（包括硝苯地平、尼群地平、尼卡地平、尼莫地平、非洛地平）与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机制。方法采用荧光法和紫外光谱法。结果分别求出DHP与BSA间的结合距离、能量转移效率等相互作用参数。结论DHP在体内与蛋白结合后，白蛋白仅起运载工具的作用将之运输到受体作用部位。