固着与流动的背驳：农村民事纠纷案件溯源——以离婚和赡养为例

由于农村本土文化的积淀,固着性成为农村社会关系中最显著的特性,但随着人口的流动,这一特性受到严重冲击,流动性与固着性的矛盾导致一系列的农村民事纠纷。分析两者之间的关系并确立固着中的流动原则,为解决农村民事纠纷,尤其是离婚案件和赡养案件所占诉讼构成比例偏重问题提供理论依据。     

在应然与实然之间——评两个相互牵连的民事赡养案与行政诉讼案

在民事赡养案中,法院认定有经济能力的限制能力行为人应承担赡养义务,而行政诉讼中,另一法院审理婚姻登记机关审查协议离婚申请的行政行为时,却对同一当事人的行为能力作出了不同的认定,导致原告的赡养权利落空。这两个相互牵连的案件表明法律的应然状态与实然状态之间存在着契合或背离,法律是一种不断完善的实践,虽然可能因其缺陷而失效,甚至根本失效,但它决不是一个荒唐的玩笑,而是意味着要求法官依法办事而不是无视法律,除了罕见的案件外,还要求公民服从法律,官员也要受到法规的约束。     

The Ability of Women to Repay Debt After Divorce

SUMMARY

This study uses questions on household repayment problems from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine how the transition from marriage to divorce affects default rates by gender. The results show that divorced women are more likely to have repayment problems than divorced men and married-couple households. Further analysis reveals that divorced women who are receiving welfare are significantly less likely to default. Because average welfare benefits decreased in the early 1990s, the results suggest that this decrease provides a partial explanation for why the default rate increased between 1991 and 1995 for divorced women. The effect of welfare on the default rates of divorced men and married couples is insignificant. And there is no evidence that receiving child support and alimony payments significantly affects the probability of default.