论我国人民的陪审制度

陪审制度是我国审判制度组成 ,也是当前司法改革的一项重要内容。鉴于陪审制度的目前现状 ,理论界存在着存废之争。英美法系的陪审制度和大陆法系的参审制度都有其不同的特征 ;我国陪审制与大陆法系国家的参审制极为相似 ,但存在着许多问题和认识上的分歧 ,其观点缺乏实践与理论的依据。在我国现阶段 ,陪审制度对于遏制司法界存在的腐败现象 ,具有积极的作用 ,但尚需完善。     

The Use of Lay Assessors

This paper reports on some findings from a research study conductedby the authors for the Commission for Social Care Inspection.It examines the reasons for the involvement of lay assessorsand perceptions of the effectiveness of lay assessors in specificregulatory functions.     

Service user and carer feedback: simply pass/fail or a genuine learning tool?

Social Work Students in Britain are required to submit feedback from Service Users and Carers as part of their Practice Learning portfolios. The purpose of this is twofold—to demonstrate evidence of the student’s ability and to provide information for the student to reflect on and learn from. Members of the Service User and Carer Advisory group attached to a Social Work degree course believe this represents an opportunity for users and carers to influence future social work practice. In reality however, does this feedback actually make a difference? Group members reviewed user and carer feedback contained within student portfolios submitted during one academic year. They found that whilst there were some excellent examples of constructive criticism, the feedback was overwhelmingly positive towards students. The findings raised questions about how gathering Service User and Carer feedback is viewed and undertaken. Is the feedback seen more as a pass/fail issue or as an opportunity to learn from? Could there be better ways to gain constructive feedback for students? What conditions enable students to learn from the feedback that is gathered? This paper starts to explore these questions and suggests ideas for further research and training.     

对中国陪审制度的实证研究——以某市基层法院为视角

中国陪审制度在司法实践中的独特性和具体运行情况究竟如何?我们通过对一中心城市基层法院陪审制度实际运行状况的实证调查,发现中国陪审制度不同于两大法系陪审制度的诸多特点,并得出其制度设计与立法预期存在较大差异的结论。在事实分析基础上提出了对中国未来陪审制度的改革进路的价值评判。     

人民陪审员制度的现实困境与完善路径

人民陪审员制度对贯彻落实人民民主、实现司法公开公正、提升司法公信力、加强司法监督和法治宣传、解决法院案多人少问题等有着十分重要的意义。目前，受制于法律法规对人民陪审员选任条件的要求过高，对人民陪审员的职权行使、业绩考评和责任追究等方面规定不明确，人民陪审员制度在司法实践中还存在着一定的瑕疵。为了更好地发挥人民陪审员在案件审理中的作用，需要从选任机制的建设、管理制度的完善、实质性参审职能的发挥、奖惩手段的运用、培训和退出机制的健全等方面入手，逐步推进矛盾纠纷的多元化解，提升司法服务水平和加快司法文明的建设步伐。     

弘扬法律的公平、公信精神:陪审制度之审视——兼论中外陪审制度的建构与实践

现代陪审制度是国家司法机关吸收普通公民参加审判活动的重要制度,是现代司法民主和公民权利的保障制度。其有效实施体现了人民主权,保证了公平正义,弘扬了法律的公平、公信精神。但由于法律文化传统的差异,不同时期不同国家其运行也会有很大差异。本文在考察域外英美陪审团制度经验的基础上,将我国人民陪审员制度与英美陪审团制度进行比较分析,揭示我国陪审制度存在的不足,结合《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》,就人民陪审员制度的重构进行反思。     

日本重建刑事陪审制度的启示

从20世纪末开始,日本通过司法改革重建刑事陪审制度。陪审团制度作为公民参与司法的一种途径,具有制度上的优势,日本为重建刑事陪审团制度做好了制度上的准备,虽存在一定障碍,但为保证陪审制度的成功实施提供了可能性。这一改革对中国的司法改革具有重要的启发意义。     

Lay Assessors and Care Home Inspections: Is There a Future?

This paper reports on research funded by the Nuffield Foundationexploring the role of lay assessors in the care home inspectionprocess in England and Wales. Lay people have been includedin many care home inspections for the past decade. Similar layinvolvement is included in other public service inspectionssuch as the Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) inspectionsof schools. The Board of the short-lived National Care StandardsCommission (NCSC) controversially decided to dispense with suchlay involvement in the inspection process. The replacement body,the Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI), intends toinclude lay people in the inspections of support services inthe community but is hesitating about reintroducing them intocare home inspections. This research project was able to explorethe role taken by lay assessors in thirteen inspections of carehomes for older people and for adults with learning disabilities.The research concluded that lay assessors had a significantrole in communicating with residents and staff and observingcare home life. Their role was particularly important, as inspectorswere often so involved in paperwork and checking policy compliancewith the national minimum standards that they were often ableto spend little, if any, time talking to residents or staff.It is argued that there is considerable potential for a strengthenedrole of lay people in the care home inspection process.