以语义学为视角解析英语语言中的女性歧视

性别歧视语是男女地位不平等这一长期社会顽疾的外在症状。本文旨在通过从词形、词序、词义、称谓、描述等英语的语义学角度对英语中存在的性别歧视语进行分析，揭示出英美国家的女性地位降级和文化失语。本文同时也提出了通过使用性别中性词和对等称谓、调整词序、创造新词等语义纠正策略，可消除英语中大量存在的女性歧视现象。     

英汉语言中的性别歧视现象

Gender discrimination is felt and found universally, and sexism in language is no exception. Sexist languages exist in both English and Chinese. An analysis of linguistic sexism will promise us the assumptions that language is emblematic of and constitutive of social identity.     

天才的萨克雷与永恒的《名利场》

从介绍英国19世纪批判现实主义小说家萨克雷的生平入手,通过对其代表作《名利场》所完成“描写真实”、“宣扬仁爱”两大任务的深刻揭示,就这位“天才”所显示出来的一系列艺术创新手法进行了评析,并对其存在的历史局限性进行了披露,高度评价了其在英国现实主义小说发展史上坚持真实性原则、不落窠臼而独树一帜的艺术成就。     

德教、德政与道德法律化——论德治的三种解释

关于德治，有三种重要的解释，也即德教、德政与道德法律化。它们都有各自的问题。德治作为德教的问题在于:德治如何能成为与法治比肩的治国方略?在证成德治时，如何能够从关于道德功用的事实判断推出德治这一价值判断?如何证成道德建设的可行性与有效性?如何证成国家介入道德建设的正当性和必要性?德治作为德政的问题是:德政已是人类社会的常识，似乎没有必要借助于德治的概念来推广，而且它无法很好地解释人们提出德治理念时心中已有的德治与法治的背景关系。德治作为道德法律化面临的挑战是:它可能会危及人们自由选择自己道德生活的权利，毁损人生的意义与价值，扰乱人们的道德认知与评价，并使得法律必须满足的一些要件难以实现，影响法律规则的合理性。     

《尚书·洪范》与公羊“大一统”思想——以“建用皇极”与“正五始”为中心

作为公羊学的核心内容之一,“大一统”说与《尚书·洪范》的“建用皇极”说有着深刻的思想关联。首先,二者皆以“君极”之立作为王道之行的关键因素;其次,二者皆以“王正”作为“君极”之立的基本前提,且谓基于此,“一统”之义方得成立;再次,二者皆蕴含了改元立制以厚养万民之义。无论是“一统”说还是“皇极”论,固然均表现出鲜明的尊君色彩,但二者所强调的“归元”或“君极”思想实则又内涵着抑君乃至“革命”之意。因此,“大一统”并非简单地意味着思想、观念、文化、制度等方面的绝对统一化,而“皇极”论也并非主张君主专制。在儒家看来,君王之于天下人心,本质上不过起着召唤与凝聚的作用。     

浅析英语词汇中的性别歧视

英语中存在着诸多性别歧视现象。文章以女性主义的立场,从词汇的角度,探讨存在于英语语言中的性别歧视现象,旨在引起人们对此问题的重视,并期盼随着社会的进步,男女平等能尽快实现,性别歧视在语言使用中能早日消失。     

The effect of media sexism on women’s political ambition: evidence from a worldwide study

This paper presents results from one of the first global studies on the relationship between media sexism and the share of candidates for the lower chamber of national parliaments who are women. Data on media sexism come from the Global Media Monitoring Project, the most reliable worldwide source for media coverage from a gender perspective. The data on share of female political candidates come from the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The results show that that there is, even when controlling for the number of women in parliament, electoral system, gender quotas, level of human development, level of women’s rights, freedom from corruption, and media access, a significant relationship between media sexism—measured as (i) the share of all news subjects that are women and (ii) the share of all news subjects portrayed in the function of experts who are women—and the share of women candidates for parliament: the higher the level of media sexism, the lower the share of women candidates. The theory discussed zooms in on a bystander effect: We hypothesize that sexist portrayals of women in the media stifle ambition among women who, in a less sexist media environment, would be willing to stand as political candidates.     

From sex objects to bumbling idiots: tracing advertising students’ perceptions of gender and advertising

While much attention has been given to critiquing sexism and stereotyping in advertising texts, less weight is afforded to examining the gendered opinions and worldviews of the practitioners who create such texts and even less focus on such attitudes as held by advertising students—the next generation of advertisers. This paper is concerned with exploring advertising students’ attitudes towards representations of the sexes in adverts, and how this may reflect their gendered opinions more generally. Analysing individual, semi-structured student interviews (n = 12) reveals that, while there was widespread acknowledgement that sexual objectification of women in advertising remains prevalent, there was a discursive turn towards a concern for men and boys, and assertions that misandry has emerged as a concerning and unwelcome trend in advertising imagery and texts. This was bolstered by a less prevalent theme; one which lauds the figure of the “tomboy” and thereby serves to privilege the male experience.     

贸易政策背后的政府目标及其函数度量:理论评述

对于政府目标函数,新古典经济学将政府视为慈善的专制者,而公共选择学派则偏重于对不同利益集团的考察,两者都只揭示了政府目标函数的某一部分的特性。以G-H模型为代表的串谋型政府模式将两者结合于自己的分析框架内,因而具有较强的政策博弈预测性。最后,对G-H模型进行的拓展研究表明,应不断加强政府自身的建设并尽量降低利益集团对贸易政策的影响权重。     

女性的三重困境——《女勇士》的第三世界女性主义解读

运用第三世界女性主义理论分析《女勇士》中华裔美国女性同时遭受的种族压迫、性别压迫和阶级压迫,从而证明美国女性主义在分析华裔美国女性境遇时的偏颇,指出华裔美国女性在追求解放的过程中要同时反抗三重压迫。