贵州生物质能源的发展与利用

生物质能源作为二十一世纪最具潜力的绿色能源。以其可再生和环保等优点而引起研究者的广泛注意。贵州拥有丰富的生物质能源资源,发展生物质能源具有明显优势。文章从沼气,燃料乙醇和生物柴油等三种典型生物质能源出发,论述其在我省发展的现状与潜力。     

林木生物柴油产业化开发问题探析

以木本油料植物为原料开发生产的生物柴油及其产业化经营,可以在不影响粮食安全的基础上有效地缓解我国巨大的能源压力。对比分析了草本油料植物、废弃油脂、木本油料植物等原材料在开发转化为生物柴油过程中的利弊,指出了林木生物柴油产业化开发的自然优势和技术优势,分析了其开发过程中存在的工业化和规模化不足等问题。提出了制定针对生物质能发展的补贴政策;引导生物柴油消费倾向;扩大试点示范、完善林木生物柴油产业化发展以及将林木生物柴油的产业化与促进农民增收有机结合,确保林木生物柴油规模化发展等对策建议。     

A sustainable second-generation biodiesel supply chain network design problem under risk

This paper presents a multi-objective possibilistic programming model to design a second-generation biodiesel supply chain network under risk. The proposed model minimizes the total costs of biodiesel supply chain from feedstock supply centers to customer centers besides minimizing the environmental impact (EI) of all involved processes under a well-to-wheel perspective. Non-edible feedstocks are considered for biodiesel production. Variable cultivation cost of non-edible feedstock is assumed to be non-linear and dependent upon the amount of cultivated area. New formulation of possibilistic programming method is developed which is able to minimize the total mean and risk values of problems with possibilistic-based uncertainty. To solve the proposed multi-objective model, a hybrid solution approach based on flexible lexicographic and augmented ɛ-constraint methods is proposed which is capable to find appropriate efficient solutions from the Pareto-optimal set. The performance of the proposed possibilistic programming method as well as the developed solution approach are evaluated and validated through conducting a real case study in Iran. The outcome of this study demonstrates that high investment cost is required for improving the environmental impact and risk of sustainable biodiesel supply chain network design under risk. Decision maker preferences are required for suitable trade-off among total costs, risk values and environmental impact.     

Power and its sources in the governance of global value chains: The Argentina–European Union biodiesel value chain

This paper tackles the broader question of why inequality along global value chains (GVCs) tends to remain unchallenged despite the successful upgrading and insertion of firms operating in the world-system's periphery. Because the reduction and reproduction of inequalities are both intimately connected to power relations along GVCs, such relations are at the core of my analysis. Conceptually, my theorization of power builds on recent work by Dallas, Ponte and Sturgeon, which has sought to more systematically theorize and account for the multidimensional nature of power, and complements it with key insights drawn from World-Systems theory. Empirically, this paper analyses the biodiesel GVC between Argentina and the European Union, a case in which the successful economic upgrading and enhanced competitiveness of biodiesel producers in Argentina fail to overturn their subordinated position vis-à-vis European producers and traders.