Fair Trade Certification: The Case of Tea Plantation Workers in India

This article analyses the impact of Fair Trade certification by focusing on its interactions with the patron–client relations traditionally established between management and workers in tea plantations in India. It argues that the invisibility of Fair Trade among workers, which generally reinforces existing patron–client relations through Fair Trade premiums, inversely hides the patronage of the management, and that workers are empowered when a premium is invested in a community development project led by an independent third‐party organisation.     

资产专用性对确权后农地流转的影响

农地确权后,农户对农地转出多持中立或否定的态度,这与产权明晰促进交易的产权理论大相径庭。文章探讨了资产专用性对确权后农地流转的作用机理,并运用吉林省9市1444个农户数据对其进行实证分析。结果表明：农地确权后,土地资产、农业资产、地理位置以及人力资本等专用性抑制农户转出农地,农业资产和人力资本专用性抑制农户提高农地租金,而社会资本专用性则分别存在促进作用;农业资产、地理位置以及人力资本等专用性抑制农户更长时间转出农地;农业资产专用性对转出农地须要签订合约具有抑制作用,而地理位置专用性则存在促进作用。     

On the Compatibility of Organizational Behavior Management and BACB Certification

The number of practicing behavior analysts who hold Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) certification has substantially increased in the past decade. Some have mistakenly interpreted the BACB’s certification requirements as being specific to the autism and intellectual disabilities practice area. We present key BACB requirements, describe how they are practice-area neutral, and provide specific examples of their relevance to organizational behavior management.     

我国食品安全危机的体制成因

近年来,我国频繁爆发的食品安全危机事件使得食品安全问题已成为社会各界关注的焦点.文章在已有研究基础上,从我国现行分段式监管体制入手,阐述了由分段监管导致的监管职能、法律体系、安全标准和检测、认证体系中存在的漏洞及缺陷.并从明确政府部门职责、统一法律体系、完善食品安全标准和加强行业协会作用等方面提出现行食品安全监管体制改革的短期与长期思路.     

Union organizing effort and success in the U.S., 1948–2004

While union density in the public sector has increased in recent decades, private sector union density in the U.S. has declined steadily since the mid-1950s. Scholars have evoked a variety of explanations to account for the decline in union membership, but substantially less attention has been devoted to understanding the contribution of the union organizing process as governed by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). In this paper, we focus on two aspects of this process: union organizing effort (the effort to establish union representation elections to organize non-unionized workers) and union organizing success (success in winning union representation elections). Using annual time series data for the U.S. from 1948 to 2004, we show that there has been a long-term decline in both union organizing effort and union organizing success, which likely contributes to declining union density. We focus on three explanations for these changes: the political–legal environment for unions, deindustrialization and globalization, and employer opposition to unionization efforts. We find that each of these factors contributes to organizing effort and success and conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research for future mobilization efforts.     

无线移动自组网混合式密钥管理方案研究

基于门限机制的密钥管理方案能提供高的安全性,但认证成功率较低,可扩展性差;基于证书链的密钥管理方案适合自组网的特点,但其安全性仅取决于证书链中节点的信任度,不能满足高安全要求的应用环境。该文提出了门限机制和证书链信任值方法相结合的混合式密钥管理和认证方案,在增加少量通信量的情况下,方案提高了自组网的认证成功率和系统的安全性,较好地平衡了自组网的安全性和认证成功率,满足自组网应用的安全要求。     

江苏茶农选择有机种植方式的影响因素分析

有机种植方式影响有机产品的产量、价格和成本,同时生产者必须每年进行有机认证,而认证的费用是一笔固定的支出。如何使生产者自愿参加认证,从最基本的经济学角度分析,只要价格、产量和成本变动所带来的收益能够弥补由于认证所带来的固定费用的支出,那么生产者就有可能选择有机种植方式,参加有机认证。产量、成本和收益都是种植规模的函数,可以推论,生产者是否选择有机种植方式、参加有机认证,其种植规模的大小是一个重要的原因。本文从规模入手,试图寻找一个“门槛面积”,认为达到或超过该面积的生产者就有可能自愿采用有机种植方式。     

产权公共领域与农地确权颁证

由于地区差距、产业差别以及社区差异,使得公共领域的结构差异较大,且存在差序格局.而公共领域的存在正是公共利益构建的基础,也是个人理性与村社理性之间的桥梁.确权颁证的重点并不是对于产权公共领域的分解,而是在公共领域之上构建合作视角的产权合约.从近郊与远郊两个不同的确权颁证区域,可以得出农户对于产权的诉求的偏重存在较大差异,而产权公共领域的治理也存在较大的不同.但是,确权颁证的关键依然在于对产权公共领域的合理利用.     

试论法官调查取证与认证的分离

民事诉讼法院调查取证制度、质证制度和认证制度的构建及我国民事诉讼法官调查取证的实践弊端为法官调查取证与认证的分离提供了前提。“调认分离”的内容在于审判人员和调查取证人员的分离及其程序建设。调查人的双重法律地位决定了其要承担一定的民事责任。