论安徒生童话"儿童精神"的流变

安徒生童话深具儿童精神 ,安徒生童话的儿童精神在中国的流变从一个侧面记录着中国儿童文学自身成长的足迹 ,梳理安徒生童话的儿童精神在中国的流变为思考自身文学的发展提供了一种参照。     

王安忆小说中的童年意象

童年意象的运用是王安忆小说独树一帜的重要原因."成长中的儿童"是王安忆小说中特有的形象.以儿童形象为象征载体进行文化批判是对童年意象的出色运用.儿童视角的发掘使王安忆的小说取得了"陌生化"的审美效果,也使细节化呈现文本的艺术表达方式与文本的精神内涵完美地结合起来.儿童视角的运用还让作家能以旁观者的眼光看世界,保持了独立、警醒的创作立场.     

2002年中国儿童文学理论批评年度综述

2002年中国儿童文学理论批评的重要特别是对当下儿童文学热点、焦点问题的深刻关注,2002年中国儿童文学的热点、焦点问题大致在以下数端:关于第六届亚洲儿童文学大会;关于低龄化写作;关于儿童文学的推广;关于科幻文学;关于成长小说等。对当下儿童文学作家作品的批评及文体建设也是这一年关注较多的内容。     

走向多元化的儿童文学理论研究

新时期以来,儿童文学理论研究走向了多元化,理论研究的多元化集中在两个层次上:一是儿童文学的功能性研究;二是儿童文学接受主体的研究。     

学校早期读写训练对儿童读写成绩的影响

利用儿童家庭一学校早期语言与识字能力系列测验对每个目标儿童语言与识字能力发展进行了评定，并解释了这些测量结果与儿童学校早期语言与识字测量指标之间的关系。结果表明：(1)儿童丰富的同伴关系与词汇量、应变识字能力、下定义能力和理解力有关；(2)教师语言的丰富性有助于儿童语言与识字能力发展；(3)识字课程变量与三岁儿童的应变识字成绩和四岁儿童词汇量和故事理解有关；(4)影响儿童语言与识字能力的因素不是单一的，而是一个因素群。     

Complex belief-desire reasoning in children

Previous research concerned with children's belief-desire psychology has examined the capacity to predict or interpret action on the basis of the implicit proposition that ‘when an actor desires a particular end and believes that a particular action will achieve that end, he or she will undertake that action’. The limitations of this formulation for understanding acts of omission are outlined and an elaborated version of belief-desire psychology introduced. This version holds that ‘when an actor desires a particular end and believes that a particular action will achieve that end, and when it is believed that there are no co-occurring outcomes of that action whose avoidance is desired more highly than is the originally conceived end, then the actor will undertake the action which will satisfy the original desire’. An experiment is reported which examines 4-, 5, and 7-year-olds' ability to predict story characters' actions on the basis of either their true or false beliefs concerning undesirable outcomes associated with the pursuit of a desired end. Children of all age-groups provided evidence of understanding the elaborated version of belief-desire psychology. However, a significant improvement was noted between the ages of 4 and 7 years in the ability to understand circumstances involving false beliefs.     

浅谈师范院校儿童文学的教学工作

儿童文学对儿童的发展至关重要。目前,我国儿童文学教学存在一些问题,要改变这种现状,必须改变人们对儿童文学的偏见。儿童文学要为基础教育服务,必须加强师范院校的儿童文学教学工作,使师范生认识到学习儿童文学的重要性。     

Do flexible work schedules reduce turnover in U.S. federal agencies?

Agency theory suggests that when agencies adopt flexible work schedules, employees will be more likely to remain with the organization, because these programs demonstrate that the organization cares about their well-being in that flexible work schedules give them more flexibility regarding when, where, and how they perform their work. To test this proposition, cross-sectional panel data at the agency level were obtained from two federal government sources: Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey and FedScope. Furthermore, transfers and quits were the two forms of turnover examined. After lagging the independent variables behind turnover over several years so as to provide a robust test of causality, the results show only limited support for agency theory. Specifically, teleworking was found to lower quits. However, teleworking was not found to reduce transfers or turnover, in general. Furthermore, alternative work schedules were not found to have an impact on quits, transfers, or turnover generally.     

形式与意义:儿童文学作品中的游戏精神

儿童文学的"游戏精神"主要是指在儿童作品文本中体现出的、通过人物游戏所传递的一种符合儿童心理需求和审美旨趣,并实现儿童内心愿望的精神。周作人认为儿童文学的游戏精神是"幻想精神""愉悦精神"和"自由精神"。儿童文学游戏精神具有快乐性、幻想性和自由性的三性特征"。游戏精神"在儿童文学中作品的主要呈现形式为:通过"顽童""小大人""、反派"等人物形象的塑造凸显游戏精神;通过故事情节蕴涵的笨拙与聪明、嬉笑与吵闹、虚拟与真实凸显游戏精神;通过语言夸张凸显荒诞美、语言颠倒凸显逆向思维、语言突转凸显惊奇,从而凸显游戏精神。游戏精神对于儿童文学作品编创的意义在于:游戏精神是儿童文学的基本属性和内涵所在,新媒介时代儿童文学的发展需要延续游戏精神。因此游戏精神是儿童文学的作品编创的重要依据和准则。     

周作人的儿童文学研究

周作人借鉴西方资源 ,确立了在尊重人性基础上的现代儿童观 ,并倾力于儿童文学与儿童生活关系的探讨。他早在 1 91 4年写的《童话略论》和《儿歌之研究》,对童话和儿歌分别作了全面而不失深刻的研究 ,具有导夫先路之功。并且 ,遵循其学术研究与思想启蒙同时并举的一贯做法 ,周作人又对当时儿童文学界的许多错误倾向 ,予以持续不懈的批判