汉、英连词关系范畴对比

汉、英连词的句法功能虽然相同 ,但从语义功能来看 ,两者在关系范畴的分类上有很大差异。对汉、英连词关系范畴的比较有助于揭示两种不同的语言在体现各种语义关系时的特征     

文化与外语教学

语言是一面镜子,它反映出各种社会以及不同社会不同历史时期的文化.人们学习语言、运用语言,同时也在学习文化、获得文化.语言又是一种行为,在各个不同的社会,乃至一个社会的不同历史时期,都有不同的语言规范和语言个性.语言是反映一个民族文化特征的重要手段之一.一个民族的语言特点,常常反映这个国家的社会、文化及生活等特点.语言与文化相互紧密地交织在一起.文章试对中英语言文化的部分差异做浅显的比照.揭示语言的文化内涵及其赋予词汇的特殊意义.     

Sequential Hypothesis Tests for Identifying the Minimum Dose with a Threshold Effect

We propose a procedure to identify a lowest dose having greater effect than a threshold dose under the assumption of monotonicity of dose mean response in dose response test. So, we use statistics based on contrasts among sample means and apply a group sequential procedure to our procedure to identify effectively the dose. If we can identify the dose at an early step in the sequential test, since we can terminate the procedure with a few observations, the procedure is useful from an economical point of view. In a simulation studies, we compare the superiority among these procedures based on three contrasts.     

浅谈布莱克诗歌的表现手法

布莱克在英国文学史上占有重要的地位,他的许多诗歌都吸引着读者,他的诗歌的表现手法有许多与其他诗人不同的地方。其诗歌的独特的表现手法造就了他的经久不衰的魅力。首先,简单的词汇构筑了朗朗上口的诗句,表达了深邃的思想。其次,他的诗歌中对比手法的运用更加深了读者对他的诗的理解。再次,重复手法的使用不仅在诗中增加了力量,而且烘托气氛,从而表现出整个社会风貌。还有他的诗歌意象有许多不同的阐释,给读者以无穷的思考。     

集体无意识与刻意颠覆 ——《雾都孤儿》与《我们共同的朋友》中的犹太形象分析

狄更斯在其第二部小说《雾都孤儿》和最后一部小说《我们共同的朋友》中,塑造了两个迥然不同的犹太人物形象——恶棍费金和绅士瑞亚先生。费金的肮脏丑陋、讨好巴结、吝啬贪婪以及残忍恶毒,与瑞亚的温和优雅、自尊坚定、追求平和以及同情友善形成了鲜明的反差。这种反差背后所反映的,一方面是英国社会对犹太人的盲目偏见所形成的集体无意识的反犹主义文学传统,以及丑化犹太人的典型模式;另一方面是作为人道主义作家的狄更斯刻意进行的犹太人形象颠覆,狄更斯为自己、也为整个犹太民族进行了正名。     

A comparison study on modeling of clustered and overdispersed count data for multiple comparisons

Data collected in various scientific fields are count data. One way to analyze such data is to compare the individual levels of the factor treatment using multiple comparisons. However, the measured individuals are often clustered – e.g. according to litter or rearing. This must be considered when estimating the parameters by a repeated measurement model. In addition, ignoring the overdispersion to which count data is prone leads to an increase of the type one error rate. We carry out simulation studies using several different data settings and compare different multiple contrast tests with parameter estimates from generalized estimation equations and generalized linear mixed models in order to observe coverage and rejection probabilities. We generate overdispersed, clustered count data in small samples as can be observed in many biological settings. We have found that the generalized estimation equations outperform generalized linear mixed models if the variance-sandwich estimator is correctly specified. Furthermore, generalized linear mixed models show problems with the convergence rate under certain data settings, but there are model implementations with lower implications exists. Finally, we use an example of genetic data to demonstrate the application of the multiple contrast test and the problems of ignoring strong overdispersion.     

Two-step estimation for inhomogeneous spatial point processes

Summary.  The paper is concerned with parameter estimation for inhomogeneous spatial point processes with a regression model for the intensity function and tractable second-order properties ( K -function). Regression parameters are estimated by using a Poisson likelihood score estimating function and in the second step minimum contrast estimation is applied for the residual clustering parameters. Asymptotic normality of parameter estimates is established under certain mixing conditions and we exemplify how the results may be applied in ecological studies of rainforests.     

贵州城乡经济一体化现状、问题及对策研究

本文首先分析了城乡经济一体化的基本内涵,同时主要采用城乡居民收入差异系数、城乡居民恩格尔系数差异系数、二元对比系数以及城乡居民收入差异倍数、城乡居民积累差异倍数五个基本指标分析了贵州省1978年-2006年城乡差异的现状。分析得出贵州省存在较显著的城乡二元经济结构,城乡经济一体化任重而道远。     

论《哈姆雷特》剧中的反衬艺术与三位儿子的形象塑造

莎士比亚在《哈姆雷特》剧中精心塑造了三位儿子的生动形象,即雷厄提斯、弗廷布拉斯与哈姆雷特。他们出身高贵、才学过人,都具有文艺复兴时期的人文主义特征。他们都遭受了父亲遇害的悲剧命运,历史与现实、个人与家庭均要求他们为死去的父亲报仇雪恨。文章试依照剧中的情节发展探析剧作家如何通过娴熟的反衬艺术,不仅成功地塑造了雷厄提斯与弗廷布拉斯的鲜明个性,同时还成功地衬托出哈姆雷特身上所具有的英雄气概与高贵品格。     

被动句在英汉语中的差异比较与翻译

东西文化差异造就了英汉两种语言许多方面的不同,被动句在英汉语言中的差异表现得十分明显。本文通过对英汉语中被动句的比较,发现了他们在表现形式、语用功能、使用频率等方面都存在着很大的差异,并根据两种语言中被动句的差异性提出了相应的英语被动句的汉译方法。