基于绿色廊道的宁波城市社区生态景观优化设计

绿色廊道研究包括分类、生态功能和现实意义等三个方面,其与城市社区的关系尤其密切。宁波作为一个沿海开放城市,社区的生态景观建设正处于蓬勃发展期,“绿色廊道”作为其内部生态景观优化设计的“脉络”有其现实意义,因此,应从绿色廊道三种类型在社区内部的架构模式、发挥的生态功能、架构模式创新及实际意义、培养居民生态意识及增强主观参与性等方面进行设计。     

Wildlife conservation in urban greenways of the mid-southeastern United States

Goals related to wildlife conservation are stated or implied in many urban greenway plans, but the actual wildlife conservation value of urban greenways is unclear. We surveyed 72 km. of greenway consisting of 38 different greenway segments in six cities in the mid-southeastern United States to determine the presence or absence of red fox (Vulpes vulpes), grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and to assess characteristics of the greenways and adjacent lands that might promote or limit the presence of these species in each greenway. We focused on fox and deer because these mammals, while habitat generalists, require diverse habitats within close proximity, and are more sensitive to human disturbance and have larger territories than the majority of urban wildlife in this region. Thus, they can serve as indicator species for these habitat values in urban greenways in the southeastern United States. Field observations and scent station inventories revealed that only 18 of the 38 greenway segments had either fox or deer, 12 had only fox, 6 had fox and deer, and none had deer alone. Greenway segments with more forest cover, wider corridors, greater amounts of adjacent natural or seminatural habitat, and forest connectivity between greenways and nonadjacent natural areas were more likely to have fox or deer present. Characteristics associated with fox and deer presence were not independent of each other. Because greenways with such characteristics tend to be surrounded by less urban areas, adjacent land use is a good predictor of fox and deer presence in the surveyed greenways. Whether greenways that are beneficial to fox and deer can be developed in urban settings is strongly site specific, because the greenway variables that appear most essential to these species are often dictated by the preexisting urban form and the vegetation in the vicinity of the greenway. Because the wildlife conservation value of urban greenways depends greatly on factors external to the greenway, greenways that have fox and deer present today may be particularly vulnerable to future changes in surrounding land use.     

From ‘weak’ to ‘strong’ multifunctionality: Conceptualising farm-level multifunctional transitional pathways

Building on normative conceptualisations of multifunctionality as a decision-making spectrum bounded by productivist and non-productivist action and thought, this paper analyses farm-level multifunctional agricultural transitions. First, the paper suggests that it may be possible to categorise different farm types along the productivist/non-productivist multifunctionality spectrum, and that transitional potential from weak to strong multifunctionality often differs between different categories of farms and types of farm ownership. Second, the paper conceptualises multifunctional transitional processes at farm level over time, and introduces the notions of multifunctional path dependency and decision-making corridors, the latter of which can be understood as ‘bundles’ of decision-making opportunities bounded by productivist and non-productivist action and thought. The analysis suggests that system memory plays an important role in defining the likelihood of multifunctional actions, and argues that transitional ruptures—sudden breaks in transitional pathways—often characterise farm-level transitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the methodological challenges awaiting future researchers of multifunctional agricultural transitions.     

“两廊一圈”战略西廊国际化法律人才培养模式研究

云南国际化法律人才的培养存在一些问题,在开放办学的思想指导下,以"两廊一圈"战略为指导,深入研究国际化法律人才培养的改进方式,对促进云南和沿边开放地区法律教育,使高校法学教育能够更加适应法律服务国际化,更加贴近社会经济发展的需要有着重要意义。     

The importance of traffic corridors as urban habitats for plants in Finland

Traffic corridors have been recognized as floristically rich with endangered and rare species included. The aim of this study is to treat traffic corridors as habitats and estimate their importance for diversity of vascular plants on municipal level. The material is derived from the comprehensive studies of urban floras in the cities of Vantaa, Kerava and Järvenpää during the 1990s in southern Finland. The material consists of over 190,000 species records (704–771 species). The material was divided in two groups: the ones with occurrences in traffic corridors (TC) and the others with no occurrences (NTC). The percentage of the traffic corridor plants of the total flora is almost the same in all the three cities: two thirds in traffic corridors and one third not in traffic corridors. The explanation may be the general floristic similarity of the cities. The two groups differ ecologically from each other. The association of plants with traffic corridors varies according to the ecology of the species. About 100 plants have more than 50% of their occurrences in traffic corridors. In Järvenpää, a group of four Carex-species was intensively mapped. 46 occurrences out of 50 were found in traffic corridors. A case study showed the difficulties in management of endangered species on a roadside site. The usual extensive management techniques were not sustainable for the survival of the species. Instead, a much more intensive management was needed.     

共同推动古文书学与乡土文献学的发展——清水江文书整理与研究四人谈

清水江文书是徽州文书之后,目前所见第二大民间契约文书系统。它不仅充实或完善了中国民事法权体系的认知内容,而且丰富或扩大了明清以迄民国社会经济史的探讨题域,既提供了多学科交叉研究的资料来源凭借,也初步奠定了形成国际性显学——清水江学——的基础。扎实认真地开展清水江文书的整理研究工作,不仅标志着中国古文书学又有了新的资料与成果的积累,而且象征着创建乡土文献学基础学科已势在必行,必须凝聚各方面的力量开展前期性的拓荒工作。     

边境工业化:“两廊一圈”的困境与出路

针对中越边境出现的逆工业化与“工业低谷”现象,文章运用实地资料及数量方法,实证分析“两廊一圈”工业发展的现状、成因与发展困境,提出通过跨境梯度开发、壮大特产加工、鼓励高新技术等推进边境工业化的可能发展路向。     

“两廊一圈”建设与左右江地区红色旅游的开发

以中国领导人邓小平在广西左右江地区领导的百色起义、龙州起义和越南领导人胡志明在左右江地区的革命活动为主要线索,对左右江地区红色旅游资源进行了全面的考察,分析了该地区红色旅游发展的现状和存在的问题,结合“两廊一圈”建设对红色旅游开发模式进行了探讨,并提出了开辟新的旅游线路的可行性和相关的营销策略。