孔子养生思想的历史文化解读及其意义

养生是人们面对天灾人祸和社会激烈竞争调整身心健康的一个重要方面。研究传统文化中的养生思想对现代人进行自我审视与反思,树立健康的身心观有重要现实意义。通过对《论语》等原典的研究,发现孔子有践履中庸,心平气和;言说天命,调整心理;面对困境,心常坦然;饮食习惯,讲究卫生等养生思想。孔子的养生思想受到历代医学家和思想家的重视,究其原因就在于孔子对生命的存在和意义的认识已经达到了一种超越的理想境界。孔子的养生思想对现代生活有一定的借鉴和启迪作用。     

从中国古代社会饮食观管窥中华文明

中国古代社会的饮食观念,主要体现于儒家礼学思想和诸子百家的哲学思想中。中国古代社会 饮食观注重口味和烹饪方法,追求饮食的艺术性,强调和谐的饮食调配原则,倡导节制饮食,都具体地反映出 了中国古代物质文明与精神文明的高度发展。     

Classroom Approach for Managing Dietary Restraint,Negative Eating Styles,and Body Image Concerns Among College Women

Objective: In this exploratory study, the authors evaluated the impact of an elective college course on dieting levels, eating styles, and body image among college women. Participants: Participants were a convenience sample of 29 self-selected female students at a western university who were mostly white, normal-weight seniors with significant dieting experience. Methods: The authors used valid and reliable instruments to collect data both before and after testing. An instructor conducted the program in an undergraduate course that met twice weekly for 15 weeks. Theory-based lessons focused on resisting media pressure, modifying dietary restraint, eating in response to hunger (intrinsic eating), and achieving healthy body image. Dependent variables included intrinsic eating, dieting involvement, emotional eating, body image, and self-esteem. Results: A comparison of pretest and posttest scores identified significant improvements for most measures. Conclusions: A theory-driven elective course implemented within a college setting may improve women's eating styles and body image.     

Individual and Familial Correlates of Body Satisfaction in Male and Female College Students

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the relative contributions of global self-esteem, body mass index (BMI), dieting behaviors, and perceived parental control and care on body satisfaction among a nonclinical sample of college students. Participants and Methods: Participants (49 males and 299 females) reported weight and height (to calculate BMI) and completed the EAT 26 test. Perceived parental care and control, global self-esteem, and body satisfaction were measured and examined in relation to BMI and dieting behavior. Results: High BMIs were associated with lower body satisfaction for both genders; dieting behavior, self-esteem, and perceived parental care and control demonstrated a unique gender-specific association among variables in prediction of body satisfaction and dieting behavior for each gender. Conclusions: Body satisfaction as a part of global self-esteem is constructed differently by males and females. Various aspects of parenting (care and control) are associated with self-esteem and body satisfaction for each gender, influencing dieting behavior.     

科学减肥与体型美

爱美并追求美是人类的天性。女大学生们渴望体性美无可厚非,但她们往往陷入盲目减肥增美的认识误区,因此欲达到健美的理想效果,必须弄清:肥胖的标准;体形的分类情况;合理的膳食结构与坚持体育锻炼相结合等问题。     

Gender orientation and alcohol-related weight control behavior among male and female college students

Objective: We examine weight control behavior used to (a) compensate for caloric content of heavy alcohol use; and (b) enhance the psychoactive effects of alcohol among college students. We evaluate the role of gender orientation and sex. Participants: Participants completed an online survey (N = 651; 59.9% women; 40.1% men). Method: Weight control behavior was assessed via the Compensatory-Eating-and-Behaviors-in Response-to-Alcohol-Consumption-Scale. Control variables included sex, race/ethnicity, age, and depressive symptoms. Gender orientation was measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The prevalence and probability of alcohol-related weight control behavior using ordinal logistic regression are reported. Results: Men and women do not significantly differ in compensatory-weight-control-behavior. However, regression models suggest that recent binge drinking, other substance use, and masculine orientation are positively associated with alcohol-related weight control behavior. Conclusions: Sex was not a robust predictor of weight control behavior. Masculine orientation should be considered a possible risk factor for these behaviors and considered when designing prevention and intervention strategies.     

Are there differences in gender,race, and age regarding body dissatisfaction?

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine any differences that may exist among demographic variables such as gender, age, and race in regard to internalization of society and media messages leading to body dissatisfaction that may lead to disordered eating behaviors such as preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint. A total of 324 participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire for women, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-Revised-Male-Version for men, and Rotter’s Internal-External (I-E) Locus of Control Scale. The results of this study found, as predicted, that Caucasians reported higher internalization, higher body dissatisfaction, and higher preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint than African Americans. This study showed no differences regarding men’s and women’s internalization or body dissatisfaction but did reveal that women reported higher preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint than men. Regarding age, this study found that age did not predict internalization, body dissatisfaction, or preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint.     

Perceptions of Body Image

Abstract

Perception of body image is an important component of self-concept and self-esteem. It has significant influence on work performance, a sense of physical attractiveness and incidents of health problems, such as anorexia. Negative perceptions of others by employees and supervisors can lead to violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act.