La Funcion del Bostezo en la Comunicacion Social de un Grupo de Babuinos

Resumen

La adecuación entre el perfil que ofrecen las mujeres altamente cualificadas que quieren acceder a puestos de dirección y la demanda de las organizaciones de un comportamiento directivo, horizontal y centrado en las personas, alternativo al que impera en la actual cultura empresarial, es el punto de partida del presente estudio. Diversas teorías asocian el estilo directivo transformacional con características prototípicamente femeninas. Este trabajo se plantea dos propósitos. Por un lado, comprobar en una amplia muestra representativa de hombres y mujeres que desempeñan puestos de dirección si existen diferencias en su estilo directivo; y por otro lado, si es así, analizar su correspondencia con los estilos transaccionaly transformational a partir del cuestionario de liderazgo de Bass y Avolio. La interpretación de los resultados demuestra la necesidad de fomentar la incorporación de las mujeres a cargos de dirección, no únicamente por razones humanitarias basadas en la igualdad de derechos y oportunidades, sino por la contribución del estilo directivo femenino a la eficacia organizational.     

Advance Directives Among Korean American Older Adults: Knowledge,Attitudes, and Behavior

The study objective was to explore knowledge, attitudes, and behavior about advance directives and how cultural values influence these beliefs. Three focus groups with 23 Korean American older adults were conducted. Advance directives were seen as helpful for ensuring that preferences for unwanted end-of-life treatment are honored and for relieving the decision-making burden on family members. However, some viewed completing advance directives as contrary to focusing on living. Culturally competent education about advance directives for Korean American older adults is necessary to help them make informed decisions about end-of-life care and informing family and health care providers of these preferences.     

Adult Children and Their Parents

Although the strong preference among older people is for independent living, a variety of problems can lead parents to move in with adult children. This living arrangement entails distinct social-psychological characteristics. By drawing on theoretical constructs from sociology and social psychology this paper explores these characteristics. By drawing on theoretical constructs from sociology and social psychology this paper explores these characteristics in terms of feelings related to the loss of freedome, the children's sense of irredeemable obligation and the parents' sense of irredeemable obligation and the parents' sense of irreplaceable loss. Based on this analysis, recommendations are made regarding attitudinal changes which can increase both parents' and children's degree of satisfaction with this living arrangement.     

论欧盟环保新指令对我国出口贸易的影响

欧盟 “双绿指令”的诞生与实施是新贸易保护主义和环保运动结合的产物。它的实施将对我国输欧电子电气产品的竞争力产生较大的负面影响。我们应当正确认识欧盟的“双绿指令”的性质和特点,相关出口企业要努力提高生产与贸易领域的环保、技术水平;同时还应当对以环境保护为名行贸易保护主义之实的行为依法进行抵制和斗争。     

Looking Beyond Retirement: Patterns and Predictors of Formal End-of-Life Planning Among Retirement Age Individuals

This study uses the 2004 wave of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study to examine the patterns and predictors of formal End-of-Life (EOL) planning strategies among retirement age individuals and whether EOL health and financial planning are highly correlated planning behaviors. Using logistic regressions and multinomial logistic regressions, findings show that EOL health plans appear to be done in combination with financial plans. Females, higher educated persons, and those with higher net worth are more likely to have integrated EOL plans containing both EOL health and EOL financial plans. It is suggested that policy makers, health and financial professionals, and educators concerned about the consequences of the absence of EOL health plans should facilitate the joint planning with finances, especially among those at higher risk of not having such plans (e.g., males, less educated persons, and those who have little net worth).

Advance Care Planning in the Delivery of Adult Protective Services

ABSTRACT

In ensuring the safety and protection of older adults from abuse and exploitation, adult protective services (APS) workers face a variety of situations involving serious illness and end-of-life conditions. Many older adults encountered in APS will present with one or more chronic conditions that may warrant discussion of advance care planning with clients and their families. This study surveyed APS workers (n = 508) in 21 states regarding encounters with end-of-life situations and the practice of future care planning. Results revealed that three-fourths of APS workers encounter clients with serious illnesses and about two-thirds do discuss planning in advance for care. More than one-half of the respondents indicated client incapacity and refusal to address future care needs as barriers to discussing planning in advance for care. Recommendations to enhance advance care planning among APS workers are discussed.     

Long-Term Planning and Decision-Making Among Midlife and Older Gay Men and Lesbians

Abstract

This article examines the issues of long-term planning and decision-making among midlife and older gay men and lesbian caregivers. Using a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 gay men and lesbians over 50. Participants reported on their long-term planning and decision-making processes. All but four persons reported that their partners had advance directives, but the majority of caregivers did not have advance directives for themselves. Concerns about informal family dynamics and interactions with formal systems were expressed, along with financial and ownership issues. It is important for social workers to intervene across individual, organizational, and community levels in advocacy for the needs of older gay men and lesbian clients.     

Social Workers' Personal Death Attitudes,Experiences, and Advance Directive Communication Behavior

Abstract

This research surveyed 29 social workers to examine their personal death attitudes and experiences in relation to their advance directives communication practice behavior. The study measured death attitudes on 5 dimensions: fear, avoidance, neutral, approach, or escape acceptance of death. Participants' personal experiences with terminal illness and death were also assessed. Advance directive communication practices were operationalized as 7 phases: initiation of the topic, disclosure of information, identification of a surrogate decision-maker, discussion of treatment options, elicitation of patient values, interaction with family members, and collaboration with other health care professionals. Findings suggest that social workers' advance directive communication behavior differs by practitioners' death attitudes and experiences. Implications for social work education and professional development are discussed.     

Don't be cheeky': Requests, directives and being a child

The study described in this article collected naturalistic data from six children aged eight to nine talking with their relatives and friends. The article focuses on directives and requests used by the children and their interlocutors in informal conversations. It proposes that – as previous research has found – some requests and directives are distinctive because of the children's social status as children , but also suggests that, since 'being a child' is a relational and socially negotiated role, its significance varies across different interactions.