论吸毒的心理演变及其矫治对策

吸毒人员一般都要经历一个从好奇、追求刺激、寻求解脱等尝试吸毒 ,到养成吸毒习惯 ,再到依赖毒品的心理演变过程。根据吸毒的心理演变规律 ,运用心理矫治技术 ,采取恰当的矫治措施 ,可以彻底消除吸毒人员对毒品的心理依赖 ,完全戒掉毒瘾。为此 ,在简要分析了吸毒的严重危害性和心理演变过程的基础上 ,着重探讨了对心瘾的矫治对策     

Will Swedish and Dutch drug policy converge? The role of theory

Sweden and The Netherlands are often referred to as the archetypes of prohibition and harm reduction, respectively. Both nations have, however, recently adopted political measures that fit well in the other country's model. But they have also taken steps that reflect traditional thinking. Are we witnessing the initial stages of convergence or are recent developments better interpreted as adjustments? This article addresses these questions by comparing Swedish and Dutch theoretical understandings of ‘the drug problem’. Goals and practices are illuminated in the context of underlying theory, raising the question: Can substantial convergence be achieved without significant prior changes in theoretical perceptions? It is found that the theoretical understandings of the two paradigms do not mix easily, complicating attempts at convergence. Moreover, both countries have invested a great deal of political prestige in their respective models, further exacerbating the problem. A conceivable way to circumvent these difficulties is suggested.     

Organizational Compatibility and Workplace Drug Testing: Modeling the Adoption of Innovative Social Control Practices

Few researchers have examined organizational variation in the adoption of workplace drug testing, but innovation theory suggests that adoption is more likely when it is compatible with an organization's values, previously introduced ideas, and needs. Using data from the 1997 National Employee Survey, this research models the effects of organizational compatibility, industry, and establishment size on the adoption of drug testing. The data reveal that compatibility, as measured by an organization's rules orientation, presence of an employee assistance program, and mechanization, is associated with the adoption of drug testing. As predicted, the adoption of drug testing varies across industries and by establishment size.     

Curved Chaotic Map Time Series Models and Their Stochastic Reversals

This paper considers two types of chaotic map time series models, including the well-known tent, logistic and binary-shift maps as special cases; these are called curved tent and curved binary families. Deterministic behaviour is investigated by invariant distributions, Lyapunov exponents, and by serial dependency. Stochastic time reversal of the families is shown to produce models which have a broader range of stochastic and chaotic properties than their deterministic counterparts. The marginal distributions may have concentrations and restricted supports and are shown to be a non-standard class of invariant distribution. Dependenc y is generally weaker with the reversed stochastic models. The work gives a broad statistical account of deterministic and stochastically reversed map models, such as are emerging in random number generation, communica tion systems and cryptography     

The Sandwich Generation: Dependency, Proximity, and Task Assistance Needs of Parents

This study was designed to determine the extent of sandwiched families and the impact of dependency and proximity to task assistance provided to parent(s). Data were collected in Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Michigan from a random sample of 40–65-year-old respondents. Fifteen percent are sandwiched between needs of aging parents and financially dependent children. Respondents are much more likely to be providing assistance to mothers than fathers. Parents are most likely to live near, but not necessarily with, the respondent. Spouses and partners' parents, however, are likely to live farther away. Task assistance provided most often to aging parent(s) includes help with transportation and shopping; financial assistance was reported least often. Income of respondent and dependency and proximity of parents are significantly related to providing assistance to parents. This study offers a unique glimpse at the relationships between personal characteristics, dependency, proximity, and task assistance issues as they pertain to the sandwich generation.     

Symptoms of Eating Disorders Among Females in Drug Addiction Treatment

The aim of this study is to measure and describe symptoms of eating disorders among females in treatment for drug addiction in Norway. Previous clinical and epidemiological studies have revealed coprevalence between eating disorders and substance use or abuse. However, few studies have measured eating disorders in drug-using samples and even fewer within the context of drug treatment. In this study, 29 females with drug use disorder in residential treatment were tested with the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. A subgroup of 9 females (31%) with significant symptoms of eating disorders was identified. The characteristics of this group and possible clinical consequences are discussed.     

Countering Overseas Power in Global Value Chains: Information Asymmetries and Subcontracting in the Plastics Industry

Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) and Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis have been deployed in the strategic and international management literatures to address questions of power in dyadic relationships and global production networks, respectively. This paper integrates the two theoretical approaches in order to expand RDT, using insights from Hirschman's exit/voice model to show the options available to some firms but not others. Using the relationship between buyers and contract manufacturers from GVC analysis, we find a correlation between firm size and choice of strategic action in response to contract manufacturers' dependence on buyers. Large firms follow an acquiescence strategy while small manufacturers follow an avoidance strategy, able to use both exit and voice strategies. Enabled by scale or control over information, both of these approaches successfully reduce uncertainty and provide a source of sustained competitive advantage. Using a study of the production chain in consumer plastics manufacturing in China, we show how dependent firms respond to GVC induced pressure. We find that based on the size of the contract manufacturer, the range of strategic responses to power is constrained by the nature of the dependency in global value chains. This opens important insights into the role that structural characteristics of organizations (like size) play in determining strategic freedom.     

名物化及其在药品广告语篇中的意识形态意义

阐述名物化的意义体现的基础,分析药品广告语篇中名物化的使用情况,旨在揭示药品广告语篇如何通过名物化实现某种隐含的态度。分析表明,名物化通过隐含药到病除的观念、彰显药品广告的医疗科学权威性以及预设操纵性信息等方式,巧妙地传达着广告主的意识形态意义。     

论我国量刑程序模式的选择

量刑程序与定罪程序一样是刑事审判环节,具有独立性与依附性特征,而我国立法层面的量刑程序几乎是空白。我国在现有的司法环境下实行相对独立的量刑程序符合国际司法潮流,这一程序也没有增加各诉讼参加人的负担,较易操作落实,且有相关的配套程序和实践基础,因此具有可行性。但在实践中应注意一些问题,如要清晰控辩审三方在量刑程序中的定位,使社会调查报告机制走向制度化、专业化,判决书中应对量刑的依据和理由进行阐述等。     

Gauging the Acceptability of HIV Vaccines: An Exploratory Study Examining Knowledge,Attitudes, and Beliefs Among Injecting Drug Users in Viet Nam

ABSTRACT

In contrast to other countries in Southeast Asia, the HIV/ AIDS epidemic is in the initial stages in Viet Nam, although the rates have increased notably since 1997. This study examined attitudes towards the use of an HIV vaccine (when one becomes available) as a means for preventing the disease. Since injecting drug users are the great majority of those affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Viet Nam, two focus groups (n = 18) were conducted among this population to identify potential barriers and incentives for HIV vaccination. Most were willing to be vaccinated if an HIV vaccine were available. Although there were some concerns about side effects, financial costs, and stigmatization, the benefits were seen to outweigh the risks. The findings may help governments better understand the potential demand for this type of vaccine and design social marketing campaigns for post-trial HIV vaccine dissemination in order to maximize potential uptake of an HIV vaccine.