重大公共卫生事件中应如何作为:来自医学人类学哈佛学派的启示

聚焦人类学者在针对重大公共卫生事件的跨学科研究中应该有何作为这一议题,通过借鉴来自医学人类学哈佛学派的民族志洞见和研究经验,为当下2019新型冠状病毒疫情危机中所进行的田野观察和分析,以期获得灵感和启示,并探索有可行性和操作性的研究策略和方法。     

少学时机械制图教学改革探讨与实践

通过对少学时机械制图的教学改革与实践 ,针对少学时机械制图的现状 ,提出了适合该学时段的教学目的、教学内容、教学方法及教学体会 ,较好地解决了内容多而学时少所存在的矛盾 ,同时又突出了注重学生应用能力和创新能力的培养的教改思路。     

What to do with “I Don't Know:” Elicitation in Ethnographic & Survey Interviews

When a researcher enters an interview, she has already construed it as being a standard type of communicative event. This article considers how a researcher's construal of a communicative event as either an ethnographic or survey interview shapes the production of information. Interview standards entail epistemological assumptions that directly inform the type of information sought and produced. I consider this process through a comparison of the elicitation techniques I employed in survey and ethnographic interviews conducted during research in Mexico. I draw on theory in linguistic anthropology on the nature of meaning in language, examining how dialogicality and interaction are essential to understanding the construal of communicative events.     

口述史的复调价值及其实现

布罗代尔认为,理想的历史应该是多声部的。现代意义上的口述史的出现使基于文献书写的历史的单声部特征显露无遗。口述史不再是现代社会“沉默的大多数”发出的声音。以口头陈述为基础的口述史的叙事和以文献为基础的历史的书写都同样是有关历史事实的观念的反映。各具独立旋律的叙事与书写理应建立起和谐的关系而形成复调历史。这种复调历史并非杜赞奇基于话语分析方法,以解构民族国家单线叙事为目的的复线历史。口述史与历史二者之间互补互益的差异使反思性知识与批判性知识可以对过去的历史进行检讨并对历史事实进行更为深刻的理解。借鉴历史研究方法及滥觞于研究无文字民族的民族志方法是解决口述史实践中存在的诸多问题的重要路径。     

凝聚性结构、德育功能与共同体关联——文化记忆视域下彝族文学的人类学阐释

彝族文学具有显著的民族志属性、道德教育功能与共同体特性。第一,它是构建文化记忆基础的凝聚性结构,作为彝族历史记忆和知识图谱的载体和表征;第二,它是彝族文化主体传承和传播其道德精神的特殊文本,发挥着从个人品德到社会公德的重要德育功能;第三,它是共同体关联的交融记忆场,由内而外、从抽象到具体,多维度、多层次、全方位地展现了彝族主动而深层的中华民族共同体认同。关注这类民族文学中的主位认知与自觉表达,不断拓展和深化关于它们的研究,能够为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供更丰富的经验支撑和更强力的文化支柱。     

From salons to the native reserve: reformulating the “native question” through pictorial photography in 1950s South Africa

The article provides a critical reflection on the practice of photographic salon exhibitions in the 1950s. In South Africa and abroad, there was a resurgence of photographic societies from the early 1950s that encouraged amateur photographers to create images based on a distinct visual grammar, thereby offering them not only an opportunity to display their work but to compete amongst each other. Subsequently, salon exhibitions produced work that would be judged on its pictorial rather than strict representational value thereby depoliticising the exhibition space. On the other hand, this article seeks to place this practice in the realm of racial segregation under apartheid by considering the deployment of the “black subject” in the native rural reserve in Joseph Denfield’s (1911–1967) work. Through a study of his ethnographic photographs which were exhibited internationally in this period as pictorial work, as well as his intellectualisation of his practice as native photography, it argues that the space of the salon allowed him to pose the “native question” pictorially, that is, provided a discourse through which the “native” could be “known” and ordered.     

A Theory for Coloring Bivariate Statistical Maps

Consideration of some practical uses of statistical bivariate maps—for example, display of association between variables—leads to principles for making effective use of color to represent data values. Effective color schemes for bivariate maps are viewed as continuous transformations from color models to the unit square with appropriate restrictions involving hue, saturation, and brightness. Several schemes, including those used by the U.S. Census Bureau, are criticized on the basis of this theory.     

Paul Willis and the Scientific Imperative: An Evaluation of Learning to Labour

This article evaluates the methodological philosophy and strategy of Paul Willis's classic, Learning to Labour. We use King, Keohane, and Verba's Designing Social Inquiry as a litmus test, showing how Willis's work meets, diverges from, and innovatively reconstructs good social science research. Drawing from Learning to Labour and Willis's writings on methodological issues, as well as key texts on the science of sociology, this article evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of a reflexive method and the potential this method holds for qualitative work in sociology.     

Issues in Promoting Adult Foster Care as an Option to Institutionalization

Adult foster care is a semi-institutional living arrangement that stresses the importance of providing care in a family-like environment. This article examines the concept of adult foster care and some of the issues relevant to the development of such programs. Policy issues related to the implementation of programs are also discussed. As a unique option to institutionalization, adult foster care has much to offer if certain barriers can be eliminated or minimized.     

利玛窦对中国地图学发展的贡献

利玛窦到中国传教 ,带来了西方的地理知识 ,尤其是对地图制图知识的传播 ,客观上推动了中国地图制图技术的发展 ,打开了中国人的眼界。他绘制的《山海舆地全图》成为明末以后中国地图史上极为重要的地图作品。