Equality Bargaining: Where,Who, Why?

It is common to identify a role for trade unions in combating sex inequality at work through collective bargaining. This article uses a survey of paid union officers to identify the context in which equality bargaining by unions is likely to occur, using the specific issue of bargaining on equal pay. It concludes that equality bargaining is a function of women’s voice within unions, the characteristics and preferences of bargainers themselves and of a favourable public policy environment. Bargaining on equal pay is also more likely in centralized negotiations that cover multiple employers.     

Book Reviews

Book reviews: Rosemary Crompton (ed), Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment: The Decline of the Male Breadwinner Susan Eisenberg, We’ll Call You If We Need You: Experiences of Women Working in Construction Fiona M. Wilson, Organizational Behaviour: A Critical Introduction Rohan Collier, Equality in Managing Service Delivery Joyce K. Fletcher, Disappearing Acts: Gender, Power and Relational Practice at Work Miriam Glucksmann, Cottons and Casuals : The Gendered Organisation of Labour in Time and Space     

基于ASRank和MMAS的蚁群算法求解飞机指派问题

本文将航班串的飞机指派问题归结为车辆路径问题,考虑连续航班串之间衔接时间、衔接机场的约束、每架飞机的总飞行时间约束,建立了带有飞行时间约束的车辆路径问题的混合整数规划模型。构造了蚁群系统算法,引入基于排序的蚂蚁系统和最大最小蚂蚁系统算法的信息素更新策略。选取某航空公司7组初始航班串集合进行测试,并对算法中的重要参数进行了分析。实验结果表明,本文设计的模型和算法可以有效地减少连续航班串之间的总衔接时间,在可接受的计算时间内获得满意解。     

Remaking the labour movement in Italy: the revival of strikes at Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles in 2015–17

ABSTRACT

After the Fiat-Chrysler merger in 2009, CEO Sergio Marchionne imposed a drastic reorganization of labour relations in Italy’s plants, precipitating a profound crisis of the system of industrial relations in the country. But between 2015 and 2017 a significant section of workers at Melfi, Atessa and Termoli plants went on strike against compulsory overtime and labour intensification, establishing links with grassroots unions that successfully organized in logistics. The metalworkers’ union FIOM-CGIL, however, delegitimized the union representatives who resisted Marchionne’s plans. In this article, we trace the context and development of these still little-known strikes. Because of their growing institutionalization, we argue, the confederal unions (CGIL, CISL, UIL) have both failed to mobilize workers and repressed workers’ attempts to resist the deterioration of their conditions. The strikes at FCA and in logistics, however, show that new forms of radical unionism are emerging, pointing to new possibilities for working-class organizing.     

中国BOP表外资本外逃的主要渠道——进出口伪报分析

本文首先讨论了进出口伪报的定义和估算方法,并使用世界进出口价格指数估算了1982—2005年我国的进出口伪报以剔除价格因素的影响。估算结果和分析表明,我国通过进出口伪报的BOP表外资本外逃在我国资本外逃总额中所占的比重逐年增加、我国进口高报一直保持负值。这说明我国进出口伪报是资本外逃的重要渠道,并且长期存在进口低报以逃避关税的走私违法行为,同时进口低报的非法资本流入也是2005年经常项目巨额顺差的一个不可忽视的潜在原因。     

Marriage and separation risks among German cohabiters: Differences between types of cohabiter

We propose a typology of different meanings of cohabitation that combines cohabiters’ intentions to marry with a general attitude toward marriage, using competing risk analyses to examine whether some cohabiters are more prone than others to marry or to separate. Using data (N = 1,258) from four waves of the German Family Panel (PAIRFAM) and a supplementary study (DEMODIFF), we compared eastern and western German cohabiters of the birth cohorts 1971–73 and 1981–83. Western Germans more frequently view cohabitation as a step in the marriage process, whereas eastern Germans more often cohabit as an alternative to marriage. Taking into account marital attitudes reveals that cohabiters without marriage plans differ from those with plans in their relationship careers, and also shows that cohabiters who plan to marry despite holding a less favourable view of marriage are less likely to realize their plans than cohabiters whose intentions and attitudes are more congruent.     

韩国劳动力市场灵活稳定性状况研究

根据国际社会提出的灵活稳定性概念对韩国金融危机以后劳动力市场的灵活稳定性状况进行分析。韩国政府采取的许多改革措施没有使劳动力市场的稳定性得到提高,反而使灵活性不断下滑。社会保障体系的不完善及工会组织的政治化是造成韩国劳动力市场灵活稳定性无法提高的主要原因。     

Beards and Bloomers: Flight Attendants,Grievances and Embodied Labour in the Canadian Airline Industry, 1960s–1980s

This paper examines union grievances dealing with the body, appearance and demeanour fought by the Canadian Air Line Flight Attendants Association, on behalf of its female and male members over a 30‐year period. Taking a historical, materialist‐feminist approach, we examine how workers used the grievance system to resist regulations they believed contradicted their right to dignified labour. We ask how and why bodily regulation differed for men and women, and how this changed over time, as the union merged its male and female job occupations. Using arbitrated grievances, union records and discussion of these issues in the mass media, we show how both feminism and service union activism encouraged flight attendant resistance to airlines’ efforts to regulate the appropriate body and attire for male and female workers. The use of labour law offered workers some respite from regulation, but did not facilitate fundamental questions about the power of management to ‘dress’ its workers.     

德勒兹的“块茎”与阿多诺的“星丛”概念之比较

块茎和星丛这一对概念,分别是德勒兹和阿多诺用来取代既定体系的理想模式。这两种模型互有异同,其中最关键的重合点在于它们都聚焦在新事物的产生过程。同时,这两种关系模型都打破了传统哲学中占据统治地位的同一性逻辑,转而提倡一种非等级化的关系。然而,在对关系的强调中,它们各自的重点却有所区别:块茎强调逃逸线,而星丛则更关注成员之间的共存于互相中介的关系。这种区别造成了这两种生产性的关系模式在异质性生产方面的巨大的区别。德勒兹的"块茎"模式在一定程度上是对批判理论的悲观性的超越。而理解这一区别,对于如何在今天的社会现实中将批判性与建构性相结合十分重要。     

资本外逃对国家税收的影响及对策

资本外逃是一种异常的资本流动。资本外逃对我国税收及宏观经济的发展危害较大,如果不加防范任其发展,无疑会影响我国税收的积累。若想减少资本外逃对国家税收产生的损失,则应该在保证宏观经济持续、快速、健康发展的状态下从体制和政策上寻找突破口。