Empathy and professional attitude in social workers and non-trained aides

The purpose of this study was to investigate empathic communication and professional attitude in vocational groups representing different levels of professional training. A further aim was to elucidate some aspects of the impact of the clients. Four groups of professionals participated, three with degrees as social workers and one with only short professional training. Three groups worked with committed drug addicts, one group with somatically ill patients. The 110 subjects were tested with a video-test of professional attitude and empathic communication. Different response patterns were found in the different groups. The group with short training had the highest proportion of unprofessional responses. The group of social workers working with somatically ill patients showed the highest amount of empathic communication. Furthermore, there was a distinction among the kind of unprofessional responses used by the different groups. Hypotheses on the causes of these differences and implications for future research are discussed.     

从职业流动看失业阻滞与再就业机制

从职业流动视角来看 ,失业具有无流动性、下向流动性和被迫性 ;失业阻滞在于职业流动的规模不大 ,制度约束性太强和观念滞后 ;再就业具有上向流动性和主动性 ;再就业机制是一个由经济驱动机制、制度改革机制、就业观念转变机制和劳动力自由流动机制构成的综合性、动态性结构体系。     

长三角区域合作建设国际制造中心的制度设计

各自为政的行政体制阻碍了长江三角洲经济一体化。用行政机制来调整长三角地区间的行政摩擦,有悖于一体化的实质。打造长三角国际制造中心,上海要大力发展现代生产者服务业和高科技产业,江浙要用产业集聚方式推进制造业崛起;只有实现长三角发展机制的一体化融合,才能实现大范围的规模经济和范围经济;学习欧共体务实的经验,区域合作要从具体的项目做起;关键是要实现长三角区域市场竞争规则的统一。     

接点治理：论精准扶贫过程中的“村民评议”——对湘西B村的个案研究

作为深入乡土社会的“事件”,精准扶贫触发了国家政权和乡土社会之间的分歧。在数字化治理技术与乡土生活模糊性之间、国家正式权力与农村内生秩序之间、“区分逻辑”与乡土社会“平均主义”之间,两者存在明显差异。面对分歧,农村基层在精准扶贫过程中采取“村民评议”制度形成“接点治理”格局。研究发现,村民评议形成的接点治理主要包括以下治理机制：以熟人社会构成治理的信息机制,以多元主体参与构成治理的权威机制,以协商讨论构成治理的合法化机制。这一制度创造了新型制度场域和治理接点,有利于实现国家政权与乡土社会之间的融合。推进对湘西B村“村民评议”的个案分析,发掘其中的治理机制,完善其中存在的不足,实现从接点分离到接点融合,推进基层社会的有效治理。     

论伊德的科学价值观

伊德"非中性"的科学价值观揭示的是科学的本体论意义上的价值维度,而传统的科学价值观是事实与价值分离的"中性论"的价值观。伊德认为,传统的科学的价值观没有深入到本体论、生成论意义层次,是缺乏深度的知识论意义上的价值观。停留于此基础上的价值观,难免导致科学的"乌托邦"或"敌托邦"。     

完善中国高校内部教学评估机制的对策

完善高校教学评估机制,促进教学质量保障体系建设对于高校提高教学质量、深化教学改革、促进自主发展有着十分重要的意义。当前中国高校内部教学评估机制存在价值取向不当、评估主体单一、评估制度设计不科学、制度实施缺乏有效保障等突出问题。新形势下,高校应当积极借鉴国际经验,在明确学校办学目标和使命的基础上,以深化教学改革、加强内涵建设、提高教学质量、促进自主发展为目标,从评估规划、评估执行、评估控制、反馈处理等角度构建多位一体的教学评估机制,促进学校教学质量保障体系的建设。     

现代汉语“追累”句式的生成研究述评

"追累"是现代汉语中一种典型的多歧义动结式,有主语指向、宾语指向和施受颠倒三种解读,是汉语研究中的一个热点问题。近二十年来,"追累"句式的生成研究取得了丰硕的成果,但在复合词"追累"的生成方式上仍然存在较大争议。本文以这些争议为线索,对词汇生成论、词汇句法生成论和句法生成论等几种论点进行了评析,最后总结了相关研究所取得的成果并指出了今后有待进一步深入研究的几个问题。     

Explaining how unexploded ordnance clearance enhances livelihoods in the Lao PDR

BackgroundFollowing violent conflict, the continued presence of landmines and unexploded ordnance pose a barrier to rebuilding livelihoods. Mine action removes these explosive remnants of conflict to enable communities to safely return contaminated land to productive use. There is limited understanding, however, of how, why, in what context and in what respects mine action contributes to livelihoods. Yet, such information is required for effective resource allocation, checking underlying program assumptions, understanding benefits and potential harms.MethodsThe evaluation was undertaken in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. It used an interpretive case study design and applied the principles of realist evaluation. Program staff and local government authorities were interviewed (N = 37) and program beneficiaries. In total, 38 individual interviews with program beneficiaries were conducted and eighteen focus group interviews (9 with males, 9 with females), each with 6–9 participants.ResultsThe evaluation identified two main mechanisms through which the program ‘worked’: (1) communication pre- and post-clearance and (2) the delivery of the product (cleared land).ConclusionThe realist approach helped to refine the program theory, highlighted the role of self- and task-efficacy and community communication, assisted in identifying contextual factors that influence outcomes and suggested a revision of expected outcomes.     

论思想解放的内在机制

今天的解放思想已经从人类社会特殊历史时刻才出现的重大的思想和理论变革运动转变为社会发展的经常性、普遍化、常规化、常态化的内在要求和有机组成部分。解放思想是人之生存结构中给定性与创造性、自然性与超越性之间的张力和冲突的集中体现，它的动力机制和制约机制具体表现为：创新的与保守的思想观念之间的张力和冲突、开放的与封闭的思维方式之间的张力和冲突、现代的与传统的文化模式之间的张力和冲突。在新的解放思想进程中，我们不仅要积极推动各个领域各个层面的具体的解放思想；而且要高度关注解放思想的机制体制建设，特别是解放思想的文化创新机制的形成：营造尊重不同思想观念的制度文化，确立开放包容和求异创新的思维方式，培育尊重个性和创新的文化模式。     

生成性思维视域中的基础教育教学范式转型

思维方式的变革是教学改革的必然要求.传统教育的许多弊病是与本质主义思维方式相联系的.以生成性思维的基本精神观照教学生活,从而进行课堂教学的范式转型是学校文化重建的重要体现.其主要方面是:由既定的外在目标到内在的生成性目标;由高控制的流程到建构生成的过程;由空洞的内容传递到回归儿童的生活世界;由以目标为中心的标准式评价到走向理解的生成性评价.为此教师应具有新的角色定位和教学意识.