哈尔滨:近代东亚犹太人最大的活动中心

:在近代 ,哈尔滨曾是东亚犹太人最大的聚居中心和宗教精神中心。犹太人在哈尔滨进行政治、宗教、经济和文化活动 ,对哈尔滨的经济繁荣、城市建设曾起过重要作用。目前在哈尔滨仍保存着一批犹太人档案、历史文献、建筑遗址及东亚最大的犹太墓地。保护和利用这一文化遗产 ,深入研究哈尔滨犹太人史和散居于世界各地的哈尔滨犹太人及其后裔的生活状况 ,有利于加强中国与以色列、中国与世界各国的犹太人的文化交流与经贸合作     

“I bled like you,brother, although I was a thousand miles away”: postwar Yiddish sources on the experiences of Polish Jews in Soviet exile during World War II

ABSTRACT

An estimated 230,000 Polish Jews escaped Nazi persecution during World War II by flight or deportation to the interior of the Soviet Union. This article examines early postwar Yiddish and Polish sources on their survival in Soviet exile such as poems, newspaper articles, and witness testimonies. Two sets of sources are analyzed in-depth, testimonies written by young people in Jewish Displaced Persons (DP) camps in occupied Germany and Yiddish poetry from Poland and the DP camps. The author argues that many former exiles were eager to write down their experiences. In doing so, they were aware of the complex nature of deportation and flight that characterized the experiences of Polish Jews in the Soviet Union. In their testimonies many young witnesses express their understanding that they too were “marked by the khurbn.” Whereas Yiddish poetry from the same period helps us understand how writers dealt with their own story of wartime survival outside the realm of German persecution. In their poetry they seek meaning in their own suffering and express their desire to establish a dialogue with other survivors.     

Ethno-religious groups work values and ethics: the case of Jews,Muslims and Christians in Israel

This study examines and compares, for the first time, the MOW (Meaning of Work) among Jews and Arabs (Muslims and Christians) in Israel and attempts to explain the similarities and the differences in work ethics among these ethno-religious groups. The MOW questionnaire was conducted on 898 Jewish, 215 Muslim and 103 Christian respondents who were currently working. The MOW dimensions were: economic orientation, entitlement norms, obligation norms, interpersonal relations orientation, intrinsic orientation and work centrality. The findings reveal significant differences in most of the MOW dimensions between the three religious groups. Overall, demographic factors partially explain the MOW differences. The MOW differences among the three groups can be explained mainly by cultural differences. Since there is mass Arab (Muslims and Christians) immigration from the Middle East to Europe this study provides a better understanding of their perceptions about work and their work values and ethics. The applications of the findings for organizations are discussed.     

The relative centrality of life domains among Jews and Arabs in Israel: the effect of culture,ethnicity, and demographic variables

The centrality of major life domains (work, family community leisure and religion) have not, to date, been studied among Arabs in Israel. This paper examines life domains centrality of 909 Jews and 286 Arabs (or Palestinians that have Israeli citizenship), who work in the Israeli labor market. The findings reveal significant differences in the importance of all life domains. Work centrality, as well as the importance of religion and community is significantly higher among Arabs than among Jews. Among Jews, the importance of family and leisure are significantly higher than among Arabs. A hierarchical regression analysis indicates that demographic variables have a low ability to explain the differences in the centrality of life domains among Jews and Arabs. The findings can be explained by cultural differences, the high degree of segregation, occupational discrimination, and mainly by the regional Palestinian/Arab-Israeli conflict.     

拿破仑的犹太政策实质

拿破仑时期的犹太人政策是犹太历史上一个重大内容,他继承了法国大革命的人权和平等的资本主义原则,给予了法国犹太人平等的公民权利,在对欧洲的一系列战争中又把这个原则带给欧洲各国,对欧洲犹太人的解放起了很大的作用。     

来华犹太人的国籍和法律问题(1840-1945)

1840年后,来华的犹太人主要有三大群体:第一是从中东、南亚和东南亚来华经商办实业的塞法迪犹太人;第二是为逃避反犹恶浪、革命和内战来华谋生的俄国犹太人;第三是从纳粹统治下的欧洲亡命来华的犹太难民。对这三大犹太移民群体来华概况及其法律地位,特别是国籍问题进行比较研究,是在来华犹太人研究方面的深化和新领域。     

从遗存碑文看开封犹太社团的社会生活

古代犹太人大约在宋代入住开封,一直享受与主体民族平等的社会地位和自由发展的文化环境;但由于开封城市经济和生存环境的持续恶化以及战乱的打击,开封犹太人不断外迁,社团规模萎缩;其职业构成也发生了一些渐进但重要的变化,由商业文化向科举文化嬗变.社团规模、职业构成和社会生存环境的变迁,使开封犹太人社团在不断萎缩中走向了消亡.     

从《基辅怨》解读马拉默德“人人都是犹太人”的创作思想

伯纳德·马拉默德在其代表作《基辅怨》中把主人公雅柯夫的受难与整个犹太民族的命运联系在一起,并以犹太民族的受难来反映整个世界的命运,从而深刻地体现了其＂人人都是犹太人＂的创作思想。本文拟对作者创作思想的形成,主人公雅柯夫的精神转变过程,以及文本中的几位主要人物进行分析,探究马拉默德＂人人都是犹太人＂这一创作思想的内涵以及对现代社会的启示意义。