论得被害人承诺

得被害人承诺的行为是否阻却违法是一个备受争议的问题,法学界的通说是有条件的接收得被害人承诺的行为阻却违法,其适用范围应该仅限于被害人有权处理的私法益。其阻却违法的要件应该是,有承诺能力的承诺权人以明示或默示的方式,在侵害行为发生之前,任意性地表达对特定侵害结果的承诺,同时,还要求侵害人对承诺有明确认识。     

Income inequality,poverty and crime across nations

We examine the relationship between income inequality, poverty, and different types of crime. Our results are consistent with recent research in showing that inequality is unrelated to homicide rates when poverty is controlled. In our multi‐level analyses of the International Crime Victimization Survey we find that inequality is unrelated to assault, robbery, burglary, and theft when poverty is controlled. We argue that there are also theoretical reasons to doubt that the level of income inequality of a country affects the likelihood of criminal behaviour.     

论杀人犯罪被害人与刑事司法参与

杀人犯罪被害人是指因杀人犯罪行为而遭受直接侵害的自然人。杀人犯罪被害人参与刑事司法,具有重要意义和价值,其途径主要有量刑参与和刑事和解。此外,在被害人具有过错的情况下,其也以独特的方式参与到刑事司法程序之中。     

论十八世纪小农家庭的生存经济——以清中期527件服制命案为中心

本文利用527件清代刑科题本中关于服制命案的材料,尝试勾勒十八世纪小农家庭的大致轮廓,并据此提出了一些对于小农家庭经济的新解释。本文的结论是:即使在号称盛世的雍乾时期,小农家庭仍然在生存经济之中苦苦挣扎;在面对人口压力而"内卷化"的小农家庭经济中,恰亚诺夫的家庭人口周期理论的解释力是有限的;同时,江南一带童养媳现象要比华北远为普遍,可能是因为长江流域的女性在小农家庭经济中的作用更大。     

When the Management of Grief Becomes Everyday Life: The Aftermath of Murder

This study examines how others indicate that our emotions violate social norms and how people feel about and respond to those indications. The data come from in‐depth interviews with thirty‐two people who had recently lost a loved one to murder (“bereaved victims”). Through the symbolic interaction process, bereaved victims came to appreciate the burden their grief imposed on others, and some of them took steps to minimize that burden. Despite their awareness of the burden, however, many of the bereaved expected others to express heartfelt sympathy for their loss. Instead, people offered inappropriate (and even hurtful) responses, including avoiding the topic of their loss, offering unnecessarily dramatic responses to the loss, and telling them to move on. The responses suggest that current feeling rules and emotion norms surrounding grief do not reflect the true extent of bereaved people's actual experiences, creating awkward situations for potential supporters and the bereaved.     

未成年人相对负刑事责任范围的理性探求

《刑法》第17条第2款对未成年人相对负刑事责任范围的规定有若干含义不明之处,应该根据罪刑法定原则合法、合理地探求其应有的含义.该条款规定的八种犯罪应该理解为是指具体的罪名.在这八种犯罪中,"故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或者死亡"应该包括其他罪名的犯罪中包含或隐含有故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤、死亡结果的犯罪;"强奸罪"应该包括刑法分则其他条文中规定的"强奸"或"奸淫"行为;"抢劫罪"应当包括三种转化型的抢劫罪;"贩卖毒品罪"不包括走私、运输、制造毒品罪;"投毒罪"应当包括修正后的投放危险物质罪.不能将这法定的八种犯罪限定为"情节特别严重"的犯罪.该条款可以增设一些其他严重的犯罪.     

National Culture on the Cross-National Variation of Homicide: An Empirical Application of the Inglehart–Welzel Cultural Map

Although there has been a growing literature on the effects of culture on the cross-national variation of homicide, this literature remains limited in the operationalization of national culture as well as in the modeling of the cultural effects. Adopting a multidimensional measure of national culture developed in the World Values Survey, this study examines the effects of various aspects of national culture, as well as their interaction, on the cross-national variation of homicide. The findings of this study provide evidence for the effect of national culture on homicide variation across countries while painting a more complex picture about the potential mechanisms of these effects.     

Racial Segregation,the Concentration of Disadvantage,and Black and White Homicide Victimization

Discriminatory housing market practices have created and reinforced patterns of racial residential segregation throughout the United States. Such segregation has racist consequences too. Residential segregation increases the concentration of disadvantage for blacks but not whites, creating African-American residential environments that heighten social problems including violence within the black population. At the same time, segregation protects white residential environments from these dire consequences. This hypothesized racially inequitable process is tested for one important type of violence—homicide. We examine race-specific models of lethal violence that distinguish residential segregation from the concentration of disadvantage within racial groups. Data are from the Censuses of Population and Federal Bureau of Investigation's homicide incidence files for U.S. large central cities for 1980 and 1990. Our perspective finds support in the empirical analyses. Segregation has an important effect on black but not white killings, with the impact of segregation on African-American homicides explained by concentrated disadvantage.     

Identity Management of the Dead: Contests in the Construction of Murdered Children

Presenting data gathered from fieldwork and ethnographic interviews with families of homicide victims, this study explores “postmortem identity‐contests” faced by families who have experienced the homicide of a child or other family member. Interview data from families on their interaction with police, funeral home directors, and other institutional officials suggest that the construction of postmortem identities is commonly a process of contestation filled with competing identity‐claims. The findings reveal that as families resist “oppressive othering” by the state and other institutional actors, they develop various accounts and strategies in “selfing” and sanctifying the identity of the dead.     

“自首者，原其罪”之诠释及其司法实践

《唐律疏议》和《宋刑统》中的“自首者,原其罪”是一条基本原则。本文拟还原其法律条文的本意,且就其在当时历史条件下杀伤罪、强盗罪等刑事案件中的应用,解析其在司法实践中的执行、争议与调整。