中外叙事文学中的“后母／继子乱伦”叙事——“乱伦”母题与中外叙事文学研究系列论文之一

“后母／继子乱伦”叙事模式的作品触及人类集体无意识中的“乱伦情结”与“乱伦禁忌”的深层心理。后母／继子乱伦”现象是专制的父权文化的产物，“后母”乃至“继子”承载着对父权文化的批判与表现人性解放的双重道德任务，表现了一种“渎父”或“精神弑父”的主题。她（他）们的悲剧性的命运结局体现了作家对这种现象微妙而复杂的态度：在无限宽容的同时，也隐含对乱伦原罪感几分不自觉的认同。     

再论“恋母情结”兼乱伦禁忌寻根

18 97年 ,弗洛伊德提出了所谓的“恋母情结”。他认为 ,俄底蒲斯“杀父娶母”悲剧的导演者是“性”。婴儿时代 ,俄底蒲斯潜意识中对母亲的性依恋和对父亲的性仇视是导致其成年后杀父娶母的原因。如果说“杀父娶母”悲剧的根源在于命运的捉弄、非能力性的“不辨血亲” ,而原始的“杀父娶母”的悲剧根源则在于人们还没有建立起血亲观念 ,能力性的不辨血亲。在“不辨血亲”的情况下 ,俄底蒲斯的“杀父”与“娶母”是没有必然联系的两个孤立性的行为 ,它集中体现了原始人所普遍存在的同性倾压与异性冲突。乱伦禁忌以及一切性文明也取决于一个共同的基础———为生存与发展的现实功利     

民族学视角下的孪生子间的关系

在许多民族的观念中,孪生子具有同一个灵魂。孪生兄弟之间往往相互争斗;异性孪生子间则存在乱伦的倾向,而这与两性人有着密切的联系。     

Breaking the Silence of Child Sexual Abuse in the Caribbean: A Community-Based Action Research Intervention Model

In Trinidad and Tobago, little data exists on child sexual abuse, although there are many anecdotal reports of high prevalence. The Breaking the Silence Gender and Community Empowerment Model is a multidisciplinary intervention to prevent and respond to child sexual abuse in Trinidad and Tobago. It is an innovative, gender-sensitive intervention that uses a community based action research methodology anchored in a national framework. Preliminary evaluation of the Breaking the Silence model shows increased knowledge of child sexual abuse, increased willingness to discuss child sexual abuse, and an impact that goes beyond the target communities. This model can be replicated in communities to prevent and respond to child sexual abuse and adapted to address other sensitive social issues in the Caribbean.     

Violence among child molesters

Although sexual offenses against children have often been characterized as nonviolent, recent information has indicated that a subgroup of very violent offenders exists. The present study examined details of both familial and nonfamilial sexual offenses against children in order to investigate the type of offense committed, as well as the frequency of violence and aggression. Two trained raters were used to code clinical information which examined offenders’ backgrounds as well as details of crimes. Subjects consisted of all in‐patients referred to the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry over a five‐year period who were charged with a sexual offense against a child (29 incest offenders and 37 nonfamilial offenders). The two groups were similar in demographic characteristics, with the exception of the incest group being older and more frequently married. Details of the index offenses revealed that both groups of offenders had penetrated victims in over half the cases, had used physical force (such as beating) in 89% of cases and had used verbal threats in 26% of cases. Victims included a 3‐month‐old infant and seven children between the ages of 3 and 5. Higher levels of physical aggression and verbal intimidation were found among incest offenders. These findings are particularly alarming given that clinical files are often lacking in details of criminal charges and may underestimate the degree of violence in these offenses. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of generalizability and the myths and stereotypes that surround both the perpetrators and the child victims of sexual assault.     

A Critique of the Validity of Polygraph Testing in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

The present paper examines the problematic application of polygraph testing to child sexual abuse cases. Psychopysiological methods to assess the veracity of child sexual abuse allegations are being advocated despite a failure of empirical research to support the validity of polygraph testing and the absence of adequate validity studies for its application to child sexual abuse. The use of plygraph testing in child sexual abuse matters is especially problematic because of the nature of sexual abuse. Processes associated with the offender's perception of events, emotional arousal associated with investigations, and base rates of sexual abuse all suggest problems with the use of polygraph testing.     

The ritual abuse of children: Implications for clinical practice and research

The development of a 14‐year‐old female from defending herself from sexual crimes to committing such a crime is presented in case‐report form. Her individual history, family dynamics, and transgenerational patterns are explored. A review of the current literature is utilized to understand why some abused persons become abusers.     

Assessing the Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse

A sample of 531 self-identitied adult and adolescent survivors of sexual abuse were sent or given a 686 item Post-Traumatic Stress Questionnaire. Each respondent described between 1-3 different sexually abusive experiences with different perpetrators, in detail, for a total of 1140 experiences. A series of statistical analyses examined the correlations and relationships between aspects of the abuse (including perceived severe impact, duration, frequency, type of abuse, use of force, age of onset) and scores on a variety of standardized instruments. Results of these analyses of the Impact of Events Scale, the Trauma Symptom Checklist-33, and the MMPI-PTSD scale revealed that the cognitive variable of perceived severity of impact accounted for the most variance in scores on the instruments. Other variables which influenced higher scores were greater number of abusers, greater intrusiveness of abuse with force, and greater intrusiveness of abuse without force.     

论黎族文身的伦理隐喻

黎族文身有着深刻的伦理原因,是古代黎族母系氏族为抑止血缘婚所刻下的氏族标志,是乱伦禁忌在黎族氏族社会留下的印记。它深藏的伦理考虑和设计已被模糊在宗教、审美乃至现实解说的时间烟尘中,它原本所表达的氏族含义远不似人们认定的那样表面、浅泛。其意义和价值在于:在数千年没有同一语言、没有文字的环境中,统一了黎族的伦理秩序,保证了这个民族的生息延续。