“双碳”视角下我国居民碳普惠:内涵、框架体系与政策建议

“双碳”目标是我国基于实现绿色低碳高质量发展内在要求而作出的重大战略决策,对于加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,推动我国社会生产方式、生活方式和消费模式的全面绿色转型,具有重要促进作用。文章围绕居民碳普惠这一当前“双碳”背景下的热点研究问题,从居民碳普惠的概念、内涵、作用与意义三个视角分别展开分析,提出了对绿色支付、居民碳普惠的定义,在此基础上对居民碳普惠的框架体系进行了深入研究,设计了居民碳普惠“一体两翼”的框架体系,并对我国居民碳普惠发展的五个方面提出了进一步政策建议。     

共生理论视域下我国融合教育发展的困境与反思

作为一种全新的教育理念,融合教育自提出以后很快成为国际特殊教育的发展趋势。当前,我国融合教育在取得巨大进步的同时,在融合主体的接纳态度与行动支持、教师专业能力与合作意识、融合课程与教学、融合资源投入与共享等方面仍然面临困境。基于共生理论视角对融合教育困境进行理论反思,提出构建融合共生的社会文化环境、建立教师专业学习社群、调整课程与教学、完善资源配置等建议,以期为推进融合教育、提升融合教育质量提供借鉴。     

普惠性民办幼儿园的困境与出路——基于经济学的视角

普及推广普惠性幼儿园对于深化我国学前教育改革具有重大意义,而普惠性民办幼儿园的涌现则需要政策的有效激励与有力支持。民办幼儿园是具有自主决策权的市场参与者,只有准确把握其办学现状、质量短板及紧缺资源、服务群体,才能制定合理的普惠性民办幼儿园申请与认定标准、补贴与限价标准,从而引导民办幼儿园合理获取回报,提升教育质量。科学的财政投入体制和广泛深入的家长宣传则是构建普惠性民办幼儿园发展生态的必要措施。     

包容性领导的探索性研究

包容性领导的概念正在成为研究的热点，目前对包容性领导的定义，学术界没有统一的认识，基于中国文化对包容性概念的理解，梳理包容性相关学术研究、文献，通过探索性访谈研究，对包容性领导的概念进行了定义，并提出包容性领导的价值。     

A qualitative study on participants’ perceptions of child development accounts in Korea

ABSTRACT

In 2007, Korea implemented Child Development Accounts (CDAs) for institutionalised children in child welfare systems. Since then, the target group and a matching cap of CDAs in Korea have evolved. The target group expanded to include poor children receiving welfare, whereas the matching cap increased from KRW 30,000 (US$26.53) to KRW 40,000 (US$35.38), which is matched at a 1:1 rate. Despite the expansion, there is little empirical evidence examining the extent to which CDAs have influenced the life of participants. Using a content analysis method with a sample (N = 22), this study examines how CDAs have changed children’s mindsets, saving habits, education, future planning and sponsorship. The findings suggest that CDAs have multiple positive influences on children. This study concludes with policy implications for the inclusive and progressive development of CDAs in Korea.     

Enriching Resources for the Poor: Lessons from the Philippines

The paper provides an overview of the poverty situation in the Philippines, followed by a brief profile and assessment of two anti‐poverty programs: the Kapit‐Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan‐Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI‐CIDSS) program and the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). Official statistics disclose that the global economic crisis in 2008 adversely affected Filipino households, leading to higher levels of poverty especially in rural areas. In response, government introduced an Economic Resiliency Program with social protection as one component. Sixty‐six social protection programs were launched, including the two under review. KALAHI‐CIDSS and the 4Ps apply poverty reduction strategies that focus on the development of human and social capital, rather than economic capital. They involve processes and relationships that aim to improve the other dimensions of poverty, such as lack of access to opportunities or deprivation of basic human necessities. Qualitative and quantitative reports describe generally favorable outcomes from both programs. However, these gains at the household level need to be supported by relevant policy, enhanced public services and badly‐needed infrastructure programs from government, in order to sustain achievements culled from social protection programs and attain broader developmental impacts.     

基于系统动力学的普惠性学前教育服务监管研究

随着国家对于二孩、三孩生育政策的放开,提升普惠性学前教育服务的质量,加强普惠性学前教育服务的监管显得尤为重要。文章建构了普惠性幼儿园、政府和入园幼儿家庭三方参与的演化博弈模型,并结合系统动力学方法进行仿真分析,解析各参与主体的动态演化过程及相关变量因素对演化策略的影响。研究表明：在普惠性学前教育服务监管中,演化系统最终会实现(政府积极监管、普惠性幼儿园自律、入园幼儿家庭监督)均衡状态,多个外部变量的共同作用决定着三方参与主体的策略选择;在博弈过程中,政府发挥着显著的主导作用,普惠性幼儿园和入园幼儿家庭的策略选择明显受到政府影响,入园幼儿家庭监督对普惠性幼儿园的策略选择存在明显的间接影响。之后从提升政府的监管效能、建立科学合理的激励与惩罚机制、重视入园幼儿家庭的监督等层面给出了对策建议。     

互联网发展对银行信贷质量的影响研究

互联网发展给银行信贷资产质量管理带来了全新机遇。将互联网发展、信息不对称和银行信贷质量纳入分析框架,从事前和事后两方面详细论证互联网发展减少银行与借款人之间信息不对称的机制和效果。结果发现,互联网发展能够提升银行资产质量,有助于控制信贷风险。互联网发展不仅提高了银行与借款人之间事前沟通的频次,还在事后增强了银行贷款的监督调整能力。除此之外,由互联网催生的数字普惠金融对银行信贷质量有正向溢出作用,这是互联网发展影响银行信贷质量的间接机制。     

中国经济增长对民生民富包容性的区域差异评价

中国经过30多年的改革开放,社会财富较过去大为丰富,但与此同时,区域发展水平差异较大,各个地区收入水平和均衡程度、社会福利、公共服务等方面各有不同,不同区域分享改革成果的水平存在显著差别,必须以包容的增长思想统筹全国发展。采用因子分析方法对全国31个省市区经济增长对民生民富的包容度进行了测度,结果显示目前京沪等经济发达地区对民生民富的包容水平明显领先于中西部地区。整体来看,各地经济发展水平与当地经济对民生的包容状况具有较强的正向关系。     

Factors that influence elementary school teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion of visually impaired children in Turkey

There is a scarcity of research on inclusion of visually impaired children in Turkey. Specifically, a gap exists concerning the attitudes of elementary school teachers towards the inclusion of visually impaired children in mainstream schools. This article uses data from two questionnaires, leveraging the responses of 253 teachers from rural and urban areas. The results demonstrate that elementary school teachers commonly hold positive attitudes towards the inclusion of visually impaired children and that teachers’ initial and in-service training about inclusion positively influenced their attitudes. Our findings are in contrast with earlier research which argues that teachers do not hold positive attitudes to inclusion, and highlights that a key barrier to inclusion stems from elementary school teachers feeling unprepared to teach visually impaired children. We conclude that greater post-qualification training is required to enable teachers to operationalise different approaches that facilitate the inclusion of visually impaired children.