教师话语标记语与课堂语境

在话语交际中,说话人为了实现交际目的,不仅要传递基本信息,还要用恰当的语言手段和语言成分来传达语用信息,构建语篇语境。话语标记语是说话人明示话语意图的手段,是听话人推导话语意义的标识。课堂语境具有很强的可构建性,教师话语标记语对课堂语境的构建起着重要的作用。     

《红楼梦》语篇体裁标记语的英译

近年来《红楼梦》英译研究发展迅速,许多学者都从不同领域对其进行研究。但将功能语篇分析理论应用到《红楼梦》及其英译文的对比研究,国内外尚不多见。本文将以韩礼德系统功能语言学作为理论基础,从语篇分析的角度,以《红楼梦》原著及其杨宪益夫妇的英译本为语料,重点讨论《红楼梦》作为章回小说,其语篇体裁标记语在英译文中如何处理的。     

Point Estimates of Test Sensitivity and Specificity from Sample Means and Variances

In a wide variety of biomedical and clinical research studies, sample statistics from diagnostic marker measurements are presented as a means of distinguishing between two populations, such as with and without disease. Intuitively, a larger difference between the mean values of a marker for the two populations, and a smaller spread of values within each population, should lead to more reliable classification rules based on this marker. We formalize this intuitive notion by deriving practical, new, closed-form expressions for the sensitivity and specificity of three different discriminant tests defined in terms of the sample means and standard deviations of diagnostic marker measurements. The three discriminant tests evaluated are based, respectively, on the Euclidean distance and the Mahalanobis distance between means, and a likelihood ratio analysis. Expressions for the effects of measurement error are also presented. Our final expressions assume that the diagnostic markers follow independent normal distributions for the two populations, although it will be clear that other known distributions may be similarly analyzed. We then discuss applications drawn from the medical literature, although the formalism is clearly not restricted to that application.     

论我国买方市场条件下经济结构的战略性调整

在我国当前特殊的经济环境下形成的买方市场,不同于西方发达国家的买方市场,具有典型的经济过剩特征。它的出现标志着我国经济发展到了一个关键阶段,经济结构的调整已经十分突出地摆在了我们面前,加大经济结构调整的力度是加快我国经济发展的关键一环。     

话语标记语的动态性和主观性研究——兼谈认知参照视点视角下的话语标记语的认知机制

话语标记语是一个复杂的语用现象。本文首先从话语的动态性和话语的主观性两个方面对话语标记语的语用作用进行了分析。话语标记语是话语理解过程中的一种明示导向标记,对构建话语语境、理解说话者的话语意图起着重要作用。然后,以认知参照点为视角,分析了话语标记语存在的理据。认知参照点理论对话语标记语的认知机制有较强的解释力,为分析话语标记语提供了一个新的理论框架。     

甘露糖结合凝集素在先天性免疫中的作用

本文主要从模式识别、激活补体系统、调理吞噬、参与炎症反应几个方面介绍甘露糖结合凝集素在先天性免疫中的作用.     

Performing India in America through Pragma-Cultural Markers

Intercultural Communication is marked in literary discourse in numerous ways. Diasporic literary discourse representing intercultural communication uses pragma-cultural markers such as food and music as tools of intercultural communication. This paper attempts to examine intercultural communication foregrounding these pragma-cultural markers as represented in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Queen of Dreams within the framework provided by Relevance Theory (:249). This paper foregrounds the manner in which writers like Divakaruni deploy pragma-cultural markers to express multiple linguistic and cultural perspectives in their literary narratives, thereby portraying an amalgamation of America and India and facilitating intercultural communication which is a dialectical process, as on the one hand the “America” that is in the hearts, minds, and words of these writers shapes their expressions and on the other, their growing presence in terms of their literary output is changing the definition of American art and culture.     

从关联理论角度探讨话语标记语oh的语用功能

关联理论为探讨语言形式与话语理解之间的关系提供了理论框架。在该理论的基础上,从认知—语用的角度分析总结了话语标记语oh在言语交际中的六个语用功能:信息修正标记、话语延缓标记、话轮转换标记、信息追加标记、认可旧信息标记和获得新信息标记,进一步揭示了言语交际的动态性,以期帮助人们更好地生成理解话语。     

三黄液保留灌肠治疗盆腔炎性包块

中药三黄液(组成:黄芪、黄连、黄柏)保留灌肠治疗盆腔炎症性包块100例,治愈率74%,好转率18%.该项方法操作简便,无痛苦,疗效快而持久,经济实用,值得在临床上广泛推广应用.     

对外汉语学习词典中话语标记语语用信息研究

话语标记语在话语交流中传达的是非概念义,而是语用义,表明说话人情感及态度。话语标记语的语用信息和语义、语法信息一样,是学习词典中不可或缺的元素。对外汉语学习词典中话语标记语语用信息收录方面存在话语标记语词目词缺失、语用义和概念义混淆、语用信息量不足等问题;在表现话语标记语语用信息方面,主要使用释义和例证,其他微观手段使用频率非常低,宏观手段无一使用来介绍语用信息。因此,建议对外汉语学习词典充分重视话语标记语语用信息,并从宏观和微观两个层面即从研究语料库、增设语域标签、采用“语境引导词”方法、使用参见、采用‘‘用法说明”等方法来展现其语用信息。