CEO Reciprocal Interlocks in French Corporations

In France the chairperson of the board is mostoften the firm's CEO. This position strengthensthe insiders' hold on the board of directors.Moreover, a large fraction of outside directorsis composed of CEOs of other firms. Thereciprocal interlocking of CEOs creates the possibility of mutual interdependence of CEOs.We investigate factors explaining reciprocalinterlocking directorates of CEOs in Frenchcorporations. Our results indicate that CEOs oflarger firms hold more reciprocal CEOinterlocks and when CEOs have more outsidedirectorships, CEOs hold more reciprocalrelationships. We also find a positiverelationship between the number of CEOsreciprocal interlocks and their firms'performance measured by ROA. We find evidencethat CEOs hold more reciprocal interlocks whena blockholder is present on the CEO's board.     

Social networks and the organisation of big business groups in post New Economic Policy (NEP) era in the 1990s in Malaysia

Personal ties are generally regarded as important to big business growth in Malaysia, particularly after the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the 1990s. Common types are informal ones established between multi-ethnic big business people and Malay key state and political leaders. Other types of ties, company directorship links and informal ties, are seldom studied especially those between the business people and former state bureaucrats and corporate professionals. Thus, by conceptualising the directorship links and informal personal ties as social networks, the author conducted a sociological analysis of some intra- and inter-ethnic directorship links and ties established by four prominent big businessmen after the NEP in the 1990s. This article reports the main finding on the links and ties becoming a common organisational mechanism of business groups owned and controlled by the businessmen, besides providing access to the state. Therefore, another understanding of inter- and intra-ethnic personal ties in big business growth, especially after the NEP is achieved.     

Latent classes and group membership

A technique for analyzing group membership data, such as interlocking directorates, based on the assumption of latent classes of individuals, is described and illustrated with two data sets. The technique partitions individuals and/or groups into homogeneous sets and can be used to create measures of structural centrality for groups and for individuals.     

构建铁路“车站信号自动控制“课程新体系思考

"车站信号自动控制"这一传统的铁路特色专业课程,其课程体系日显陈旧,在教学中存在的问题越来越突出。构建新的课程体系,要重组传统内容、加强新技术内容、拓宽应用。新体系实现途径是:提高理论层次,拓宽知识面,突出主干内容教学、改革教学手段和方法。     

貂蝉“连环计”故事的文化解读

貂蝉“连环计”故事来自民间,之后被文人接受。元明时期,“连环计”故事备受欢迎,主要体现在文人与民间在创作上的有意偏好、戏曲选本对《连环计》杂剧和《连环记》传奇的浓厚兴趣和《连环记》传奇的备受赞赏三个方面。“连环计”故事具体地说,实际上是历史加计谋加美女的故事。文人与民间对由这三种因素组合而成的“连环计”故事的喜爱,体现的是重史、尚智、爱美的共同民族文化心理。     

外滩京城地下连续墙施工方法

本文讨论了端头平钢板留钢筋连接的公母槽段节点(刚性),及其改进后的两种节点的构造与施工方法,以求解决节点止水和提高地墙整体刚度.     

Colliding Intersubjectivites: Transparency in Analytic Couple Therapy

Using a research‐informed version of how analysts think and work, this paper renders more explicit and transparent how analytic concepts can inform working with couples. It describes how each partner's subjectively held belief systems interlock and escalate, which is referred to as ‘colliding subjectivities.’ The paper illustrates the potential for this situation of heightened tension to facilitate change.     

Behavior Analytic Concepts and Change in a Large Metropolitan Research University: The Graduation Success Initiative

The Graduation Success Initiative is a complex, organization-wide application of behavior analytic concepts to improving undergraduate student retention and on-time graduation at a large metropolitan research university. The behavior analytic concepts discussed here include culture, supraorganismic phenomena, selecting environments, macrobehaviors, macrocontingencies, interlocking behavioral contingencies, metacontingencies, and rule-governed behavior. We introduce a change template that includes all pertinent agents in the university system and that focuses change efforts specifically on desired behaviors, targeted behaviors, strategic interventions, and reinforcing contingencies for each of the categories of agents. The Graduation Success Initiative produced a 16-point increase in on-time graduation in 4 years.     

终极控制人性质、连锁董事关系与审计独立性

以中国深市和沪市2006—2009年2 992家上市公司为样本,检验了终极控制人性质和连锁董事关系对审计独立性的影响。通过回归分析发现,当上市公司的终极控制人是政府,且由"四大"会计师事务所审计时,连锁董事关系的存在能促使其支付更高的审计费用,而且对于异常审计费用为正的子样本,上市公司终极控制人的国有性质、连锁董事关系对非标意见的签发概率没有显著影响;对于异常审计费用为负的子样本,国有控制公司更容易收到非标审计意见。研究表明,政府控制、连锁董事关系能增强审计师的独立性。     

Board interlocking network and the design of executive compensation packages

The standard approach used to model interlocks in the business and management literature is to treat each interlock of a network as an independent data point. However, such an approach ignores the complex inter-dependencies among the common director interlocks. We propose that an interlocking board network is an important inter-corporate setting that has bearing on how company boards make corporate decisions. Using a sample of 725 large U.S.-based public companies over the period 2007–2010, board member information, executive compensation information, and exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) techniques for social networks, we present evidence that board interlocks are positively linked with similarities in the design of executive compensation packages in interlocked firms, particularly the proportions of the options component. We also find evidence that board interlocks are positively linked with similarities in a number of board characteristics.