Demographic and Organizational Variables That Affect Southeastern College and University Student Health Promotion

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between demographic and organizational variables and college student health promotion efforts. Two hundred and forty-one college administrators from 14 southern states were surveyed to determine factors that may affect college student health promotion programming. Enrollment, tuition, affiliation, and highest degree offered were the demographic variables that were examined. The organizational variables were goals, control, motivation, interaction, and decision making. The methods of gathering information regarding student health problems, the kinds of health promotion programs offered, the methods of publicizing the programs, and the extent of student participation in health promotion programs were the dependent variables.

The statistical tests for the effects of the demographic and organizational variables on student health promotion efforts indicate that a relationship does exist. Combined multiple regression analysis equations that include all of the organizational variables demonstrated graphically the effects of interaction among the independent organizational variables and the dependent variables. These combined equations were better predictors of student health promotion programs and services than any of the organizational variables taken separately. Future studies of the factors that affect student participation in health promotion programs, the extent of student participation, and the effects of a student participation should be conducted.     

新生儿脐血瘦素水平的初步研究

目的 :研究脐血瘦素水平与新生儿性别、孕周、出生体重、身高、体重指数及胎盘重量的关系。方法 :应用酶联免疫法 (ELISA)测定脐血瘦素水平 ,共测定了 4 6份样本 ,运用统计学方法分析其与新生儿性别、孕周、出生体重、身高、体重指数BMI(即体重除以身高的平方 ,单位为kg·m-2 )及与胎盘重量等的关系。结果 :脐血瘦素水平与出生体重、身高、体重指数及胎盘的重量有着显著性相关 ,而男女性别间脐血瘦素水平无显著性差异。结论 :脐血瘦素水平与新生儿孕周、出生体重、身高、体重指数及胎盘重量有密切关系 ,临床测定脐血瘦素水平对预测胎儿出生体重和生长发育有重要意义。     

Complex relationship between sex hormones,insulin resistance and leptin in men with and without prostatic disease

Objectives: To assess sex hormones, leptin and insulin-resistance in men with prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to study associations between androgens and histologic score of prostate tissue in PCa.

Subjects and methods: Two hundred ten men older than 45 years selected from 2906 participants of a population screening for PCa were studied: 70 with PCa, 70 with BPH and 70 controls (CG), matched by body mass index and age. Insulin, IGF-1, PSA, leptin, total, free (fT) and bioavailable testosterone (bT) and estradiol were measured. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups considering the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS); androgens and leptin levels were analyzed in the subgroups.

Results: Prostate cancer and BPH patients presented higher total, fT and bT levels than CG. IGF-1, insulin and HOMA index were higher in BPH than in the other two groups. PCa presented higher leptin [median (range) 6.5 (1.3–28.0) versus 4.8 (1.1–12.3) ng/ml; p?p?=?0.025] levels than CG. After dividing men considering the presence of MS, leptin was higher and total testosterone was lower in MS patients in all the groups.

Conclusions: It was observed a coexistence of an altered hormone profile with increased sex hormones and leptin in PCa patients, in accordance with the new perspective of PCa pathogenesis.