胡塞尔生活世界的两种含义——兼谈欧洲科学与人的危机及其克服

胡塞尔所说的“生活世界”有两种含义:一是作为经验实在的客观生活世界,一是作为纯粹先验现象的主观生活世界,二者之间隔着一道先验还原的界限。不同意义上的“生活世界”与科学及人的生存的关系也不同:在胡塞尔看来,前者是近代科学产生的基础,也是造成科学“危机”与人的“危机”的根源;后者则有可能为我们提供一条克服这种危机的途径。     

胡塞尔与当代西方美学

胡塞尔对西方现代美学的影响主要体现在以下四个方面:意向性理论与审美对象的存在形态;形式价值论与审美价值论;主体间性理论与审美主客体关系;生活世界理论与艺术的审美功能。考察胡塞尔对现象学美学、存在主义美学、解释学美学的影响,可以见出胡塞尔对当代西方美学的重要贡献。     

Spiritual development and meaningful work: a Habermasian critique

ABSTRACT

A dominant theme of the workplace spirituality discourse in HRD is its transformational nature which enables an organization to imbue work with purpose and meaning. Empirical studies have shown that providing meaningful work to employees enhances several indicators of organizational performance. However, this discourse ignores that such organizational interventions are shaped by capitalist power relations in which the organization is embedded. In this paper, I apply a critical theory perspective drawing from the work of Jurgen Habermas to show that workplace spirituality movement has emerged in response to the loss of meanings inherent in neoliberal capitalism. However, since this movement is operating on a logic of performativity and instrumental rationality, it represents an attempt to re-orient individual subjectivity and the spiritual realm of human experience to serve capitalism.     

回归主体间性与生活世界--谈思想政治教育研究的范式转换*

主体间性与生活世界理论为大学生思想政治教育的理论研究与实践工作提供了丰富的学术资源。海德格尔的“此在”与“他人共在”的理论启示我们，要坚持双重主体观的教育原则，要注重教育环境的营造与教育氛围的培养。胡塞尔的生活世界理论强调思想政治教育要联系现实生活，面向社会生活，关注学生现实生活变化和现实生活需要，积极发挥生活实践的教育作用，避免将思想政治教育凌驾于现实生活之上。     

重置理性的路标:哈贝马斯现代性批判之维

哈贝马斯是站在批判的立场上来看待现代性问题的。他对现代性的批判 ,是从两个方面展开的。一个方面指向社会现实层面 ,另一个方面指向思想层面。就前者而言 ,他批判了“生活世界的殖民化”现象 ,主张以交往理性来改造被扭曲的现实生活世界 ,以此解除现代性困境 ;就后者而言 ,他反思了自黑格尔以来的哲学家关于现代性问题的思考方式 ,主张在破除意识哲学思维方式的基础上引入互主体性的交往理性原则来思考现代性方案。哈贝马斯的现代性批判话语既有值得肯定的地方 ,又有它的不足之处。     

Sharing and exchanging: understanding common grounds in northeast India

ABSTRACT

Northeast India, a ‘zipper region’ that gives impetus to Southeast Asian and Himalasian studies, is marked by complexities and ambiguities. The paper examines the multiple identity construction in contemporary Assam, the central state of this region and seeks to recover the other experiences that make ethnic life-world possible while challenging the ethnocentric discourses—in academia, politics, public and social movements. Acknowledging the presence of common or possibly universal processes behind the production of such discourses, it aims to interrogate the factors that cut across socio-cultural, political-economical or ecological dimensions. It further examines the multiple discourses and narratives that makes that social possible in the region. In doing so, it locates the strategic positioning of such discourses and how they deal with Indian nation-state and beyond. This paper in essence is interested in the question of possibility of various discourses—as a question of post-history.     

The myth of everyday life: Toward a heterology of the ordinary

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the rethinking of everyday life as a central, if highly diverse and problematic, theme of modern philosophy and social theory. The focus of the essay concerns the uncertain ontological status of ‘the everyday’ within the human sciences. An initial exploration of the ambiguity of the expression ‘everyday life’ points to a more consequential type of undecidability once it is fully recognized how the ideology of ‘everyday life’ functions to suppress the materiality, contingency, and historicity of human experience. This can be seen in the contrast between powerful atemporal conceptions of everyday life and more critical understandings of the lifeworld framed in temporal categories. The distinction between everyday life and lifeworld proves useful as a marker for two very different approaches to the ordinary. The paper claims that the ordinary has been systematically denigrated in the very act of being theorized as ‘everyday life’. A tradition of binary and dichotomous theorizing is uncovered as one of the fundamental sources of the myth of an ahistorical, unmediated everyday life. After mapping a range of more reflexive perspectives toward the investigation of ordinary life, the paper concludes on a positive and reconstructive note by suggesting that any attempt to go beyond the dualisms and antinomies of contemporary theory must first abandon this mythology to reveal the histor(icit)y and alterity of lifeworlds in their rich natural, incarnate, political, and reflexive imbrications.     

‘I am not poor. Poor children live in Africa’: Social identity and children's perspectives on growing up in contexts of poverty and deprivation in the Netherlands

This study focuses on problems children living in contexts of poverty face in daily life and how they perceive poverty. Findings are based on research with children (8–12 years) from impoverished areas in the Netherlands. Besides the problems as identified by the children, such as the poor quality of playgrounds and the lack of money for activities, we identified a striking paradox, namely the taboo on or denial of poverty versus the pervasiveness of poverty. To understand and handle this contradiction, we reflect on representation of children growing up in contexts of poverty through a social identity framework.     

“生活世界的殖民化”及拯救的法律之道——哈贝马斯的法权哲学与新法治主义

自19世纪以降，现代性危机的意识就幽灵般地纠缠着现代人。哈贝马斯对现代性危机有着独特而深刻的理解，认为现代性危机的症结在于“生活世界的殖民化”，以及由此导致的自由的丧失。哈贝马斯还认为，可以通过对法律自我理解的重建来寻求拯救之道，并在新的时代语境中对自由主义和法治问题进行了深刻的论证。