Nutrient intake in day workers and shift workers

Abstract

The 24-h dietary intake, nutritional status parameters and psychosomatic factors of two-shift, three-shift and day workers were compared. Estimations of the dietary intake (across a work cycle) were made by use of a nutrient database. No significant differences were found between the groups for a large number of nutritional variables: intake of energy; intake and percentage of energy from protein, fat, total carbohydrates and sucrose; intake of coffee; and intake and density of vitamins and minerals. Only minor differences were found between the groups with regard to the quantitative intake of alcohol and calcium, and with regard to the quality of the diet (percentage of energy from alcohol, density of calcium). The groups differed significantly with respect to attitude towards work hours (three-shift workers being most negative in their attitude) and sleep disturbances (shift workers being most negative). The three-shift workers were more evening-oriented and they had higher concentrations of glucose in their blood. It was concluded that work hours not related to nutritional intake—at least not when total amounts across time are considered. It was also concluded that work hours were not related to Body Mass Index or blood lipids: triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.     

MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠血脂的影响

目的建立高血脂模型,探讨MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠各项血脂的影响。方法 wistar大鼠随机分为正常组和高血脂组。正常组用普通饲料饲养,高血脂组用高脂饲料喂养,喂养20天建立高血脂模型。模型建立后,重新分组,原正常组剩下的大鼠仍然是正常组(Ⅰ组),原高血脂组剩下的大鼠随机分成高血脂模型组(Ⅱ组)和MF-多源治疗仪照射组(Ⅲ组),其中Ⅲ组在MF-多源治疗仪照射15天后,对大鼠血脂水平、血液的生化指标和血流变学指标进行分析。结果表明:Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05);Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数原等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高极显著(P<0.01)。这表明MF-多源治疗仪照射对高血脂症有良好的保健效果,对心血管疾病有预防作用。     

Nutrient intake in day workers and shift workers

The 24-h dietary intake, nutritional status parameters and psychosomatic factors of two-shift, three-shift and day workers were compared. Estimations of the dietary intake (across a work cycle) were made by use of a nutrient database. No significant differences were found between the groups for a large number of nutritional variables: intake of energy; intake and percentage of energy from protein, fat, total carbohydrates and sucrose; intake of coffee; and intake and density of vitamins and minerals. Only minor differences were found between the groups with regard to the quantitative intake of alcohol and calcium, and with regard to the quality of the diet (percentage of energy from alcohol, density of calcium). The groups differed significantly with respect to attitude towards work hours (three-shift workers being most negative in their attitude) and sleep disturbances (shift workers being most negative). The three-shift workers were more evening-oriented and they had higher concentrations of glucose in their blood. It was concluded that work hours not related to nutritional intake—at least not when total amounts across time are considered. It was also concluded that work hours were not related to Body Mass Index or blood lipids: triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.     

The physiological costs of flight capability in wing-dimorphic crickets

Nutritional indices, triglyceride levels and flight muscle developmental profiles were compared between long-winged (LW) and short-winged (SW; flightless) morphs of the cricketsGryllus rubens Scudder andG. firmus Scudder. This was done to identify potential physiological costs of flight capability in adults. The LW morph of each species converted a lower proportion of assimilated nutrients into biomass (reduced ECD) than did the SW morph. This documents increased respiratory metabolism in the LW morph. Triglyceride concentration was higher in LW vs. SW adults. This suggests that the elevated respiration in the LW morph may be at least partially due to the increased biosynthesis of this high energy substance. Preliminary data indicate higher respiration rates of LW functional vs. SW vestigial flight muscles. Collectively, these data suggest that the energetic cost of flight capability in adults results from biosynthesis of triglyceride flight fuel and flight muscle maintenance but not flight muscle growth. No flight muscle growth was observed in adults.     

A four-year efficacy and safety study of the long-acting parenteral testosterone undecanoate

Introduction. This is a four-year follow-up of 25 men who received parenteral testosterone undecanoate (TU), 1000 mg every 12 weeks for at least four years. This study was a continuation of a 30-week study wherein the effects of TU had been compared to those of parenteral testosterone enanthate.

Methods & Results. Plasma testosterone (T) trough values of the injection interval of 12 weeks): median 11.9 – 15.9 nmol/L (N 10.0–30.0). E2 and SHBG were stable. Body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio remained stable. Total cholesterol, and triglycerides were unchanged but plasma LDL declined while HDL, after an initial reduction over the first 30 weeks, had increased significantly after three years. Leptin levels, bone mineral density, blood pressure, liver function tests, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels remained stable without values above the upper limit of normal. Over the first 12 months of the study there was an increase in prostate volume from 19.7 ± 8.8 mL to 22.0 ± 8.4 mL (p < 0.05) but thereafter volumes remained stable, paralleled by an increase in PSA from 0.67 ± 0.38 µg/dL to 0.75 ± 0.35 µg/dL (p < 0.05) without any further changes after 12 months.

Conclusion. TU appears to be a stable and safe treatment modality of hypogonadal men.     

藻酸双酯钠对糖尿病大鼠降脂作用的研究

目的 观察藻酸双酯钠(PSS)对糖尿病大鼠脂代谢的影响,探讨其可能的作用机理.方法 制备食饵性高脂糖尿病大鼠模型,洛伐他汀(Lov)为阳性对照药物,观察藻酸双酯钠对糖尿病大鼠血脂的影响.结果 与DM组相比,PSS及Lov均可明显降低糖尿病伴高血脂大鼠TG、TC、LDI-C水平,升高HDL-C水平.结论 PSS可明显降低糖尿病伴高血脂大鼠血脂,且PSS有一定的剂量依赖性.     

老年冠心病患者血清胆红素和血脂测定及临床意义

目的本文观察了老年冠心病患者血清胆红素水平与血清脂质的关系。方法对97例老年冠心病患者及48例老年对照组的血清胆红素(TB)及血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白 AI(ApoAI)、载脂蛋白 B(ApoB_(100))、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]进行了测定。结果老年冠心病患者血清 TB 含量显著低于同龄对照组;老年冠心病患者血清 TC、LDL-C 水平显著高于对照组;而 HDL-C 水平却极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);血清 TC、ApoA I、ApoB 及 Lp(a)水平两组比较无显著性差异。结论老年人低血清胆红素可能是动脉粥样硬化和冠心病危险因素之一。     

Alcohol Education Project: Preliminary Answers

Abstract

The goal of the five year University of Massachusetts (UMass) Demonstration Alcohol Education Project has been to promote responsible decision making about alcohol use. The UMass/Amherst campus has 25,000 students, of which there is an approximate one third turnover every academic year. Educational methods used to achieve the goal have included community development, mass media, and such intensive approaches as workshops, courses, and guest lectures. Mass media reaches up to 70% of the student body, while intensive interventions reach about 5%.

Data has been gathered from a large number of sources in order to evaluate the following objectives: 1) University students will demonstrate decreased inappropriate alcohol consumption patterns. 2) University students will demonstrate an increased level of planning, conducting, and participation in responsible social activities. 3) University students will demonstrate an increased number of interventions with peers around alcohol issues. 4) University students will demonstrate a decrease in peer pressures which contribute to inappropriate alcohol use among their peers. 5) Key people within the university community will demonstrate an increase in behavior which encourages responsible decisions about alcohol.

Analysis of the program model indicates the initial assumptions were generally valid. For example, predisposing factors such as attitudes toward drinking, and certain demographics are in fact predictors of contexts and quantity and frequency of drinking, which are in turn predictors of negative consequences. Preliminary results from the data collected indicate significant changes in knowledge, but no significant change in individual behavior for the parameters measured. There are indications of trends toward changes in party giving behaviors and heightened alcohol awareness in certain dormitories. Additionally, the university community designed and adopted a set of guidelines for interpretation of the trustees' policy on consumption of alcoholic beverages on campus. The guidelines were designed to be social and educational in nature; their impact was confounded when the minimum drinking age for the state was raised to 20.     

绝经后女性冠心病患者性激素改变与血脂水平的研究

目的探讨绝经后女性冠心病(CHD)患者性激素水平的变化及与血脂的关系.方法对30例绝经后女性CHD患者和30例绝经后女性正常对照者的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)进行了检测.结果两组间年龄、绝经年数差异无显著性.绝经后女性CHD患者较正常对照组的E2、E/T、HDL-C明显降低(P＜0.001、P=0.002、P=0.001),TC、TG、LDL-C增高(P=0.027、P=0.041、P＜0.001),两组T、P无显著性差异(P＞0.05).相关分析表明绝经后女性CHD患者的E2与TC、TG、LDL-C均呈显著负相关,与HDL-C呈显著正相关.E/T与TC、TG亦呈显著负相关.结论绝经后女性CHD患者血脂异常与雌激素水平明显降低有关,它们共同参与绝经后女性CHD的发生和发展.     

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Criteria in College Students

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is present in young adults and because coronary heart disease (CHD) is likely, screening to determine MetS prevalence and its criteria is critical. Objective: To determine MetS prevalence and most prevalent criteria in a sample of first-year college students. Participants: First-year college students between 18 and 24 years of age (n = 189). Methods: Metabolic syndrome was defined using the updated 2001 National Cholesterol Education Programs Adult Treatment Panel III. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were obtained. Lipid and glucose concentrations were determined. Results: Overall prevalence of MetS was 3.7%. Prevalence of 1 or 2 MetS criteria was 28.0% and 7.4%, respectively. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (20.1%) and elevated triacylglycerol (17.5%) concentrations were the most prevalent criteria. Conclusions: Young adults have and are at risk of developing MetS. Identification of MetS early in life is critical and screening young adults will aid in targeted intervention development to decrease CHD risk.