Living Arrangements, Employment Status, and the Economic Well-Being of Mothers: Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S

Using data from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S., we estimate country specific models of household income that characterize mothers according to their marital status, living arrangement, and employment status. We assess the predicted economic well-being of each type of mother relative to a benchmark of married mothers in the same country, and at various points in the income distribution. We find dramatic cross-country differences in the distribution of mothers across categories, but few differences in each type's relative economic status. In all three countries and at all points in the income distribution, mothers who are the only adults in their households have the lowest levels of predicted income, while married mothers—followed closely by cohabitors—have the highest levels.     

Marital Conflict,Ineffective Parenting,and Children's and Adolescents' Maladjustment

Data from the 1988 National Survey on Families and Households were analyzed to examine the associations among marital conflict, ineffective parenting, and children's and adolescents' maladjustment. Parents' use of harsh discipline and low parental involvement helped explain the connection between marital conflict and children's maladjustment in children aged 2 through 11. Parent‐child conflict was measured only in families with a target teenager and also was a significant mediator. Although ineffective parenting explained part of the association between marital conflict and children's maladjustment, independent effects of marital conflict remained in families with target children aged 2 through 11 (but not for families with a teenager). With a few exceptions, this pattern of findings was consistent for mothers' and fathers' reports, for daughters and sons, for families with various ethnic backgrounds, and for families living in and out of poverty.     

论土族民间信仰象征

文章在田野调查的基础上，对土族民间信仰中的象征体系从象征思维、结构、具象等方面进行了归纳分析，认为土族民间信仰象征内容十分丰富，且随着社会的演进，其程序亦不断发生异化。     

非英语专业新生语言学习观念调查

文章基于元认知理论及自主学习理论,采用Horwitz的语言学习观念调查表,对合肥工业大学非英语专业106名新生进行了问卷调查,并对结果进行分析.旨在了解新生的语言学习观念,帮助其树立英语学习的正确观念,培养学生的自主学习能力.     

Trait Expressiveness and Marital Satisfaction: The Role of Idealization Processes

This study examined the processes that underlie the association between trait expressiveness and marital satisfaction. A total of 168 newlywed couples participated in a four‐wave, 13‐year longitudinal study of marriage. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal path analyses suggested that expressiveness promotes satisfaction by leading spouses to engage in affectionate behavior and by leading them to idealize their partner. Expressive people formed idealized images of their partner because they brought out the best in their partner's behavior and because they interpreted their partner's behavior in a favorable light. The study extends previous research by showing that the benefits of trait expressiveness extend into the second decade of marriage and by providing a plausible explanation of the connections between trait expressiveness and marital satisfaction.     

Religious affiliation and the family

The process of religious affiliation is mediated by institutions such as the family, which provide a network of ties to the public sphere. Variations in the likelihood of those with no religious affiliation in high school (N=900) becoming church members by the time they reach 30 are explained in terms of a combination of individual attributes, such as educational and spatial mobility, and changes in structural location, such as the transition to marital and parental status. Panel data from the Career Development Study show that women's chances of affiliation are more affected than are men's by parents' religious homogamy, getting married, and having children.     

Dynamically Consistent Preferences with Quadratic Beliefs

This article characterizes a family of preference relations over uncertain prospects that (a) are dynamically consistent in the Machina sense and, moreover, for which the updated preferences are also members of this family and (b) can simultaneously accommodate Ellsberg- and Allais-type paradoxes.Replacing the "mixture independence" axiom by "mixture symmetry" proposed by Chew, Epstein, and Segal (1991) for decision making under objective risk, and requiring that for some partition of the state space the agent perceives ambiguity and so prefers a randomization over outcomes across that partition (proper uncertainty aversion), preferences can be represented by a (proper) quadratic functional. This representation may be further refined to allow a separation between the quantification of beliefs and risk preferences that is closed under dynamically consistent updating.     

论微文化视域的大学生理想信念教育话语权建构

文章从微文化视域对大学生理想信念教育话语权进行分析,通过微文化对大学生理想信念教育话语权建构的价值和挑战两个维度进行解析,提出微文化已经成为大学生学习生活的重要组成部分,为大学生理想信念教育话语权建构提供了良好契机,但同时也冲击着大学生理想信念教育话语权威.探索充分认识并利用微文化的优势,既有传承,又有创新,提升理想信念教育话语内容导向性,畅通理想信念教育话语权对话机制,优化理想信念教育话语渠道,建构大学生理想信念教育话语权,是适应新形势、新变化的必然要求,对于高校思想政治工作以及弘扬和培育社会主义核心价值观具有积极意义.     

Relational problems and psychiatric symptoms in couple therapy

This article describes couples attending family counselling in Sweden. The study group is compared with clinical groups and non-clinical groups. Self-rating instruments were com-pleted by 317 women and 312 men to evaluate the following: marital satisfaction (DAS), expressed emotion (QAFM), family climate (FC), psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90) and sense of coherence (SOC). This group had several problems: marital relationships, disrupted family functioning, dyadic interactions characterised by criticism and open arguments, and multiple psychological symptoms. The women were espe-cially discontent in the relationship, and they exhibited higher symptom strain and lower sense of coherence than the men did. Compared with non-clinical populations, this group was severely distressed and was similar to in-patient families in child psychiatric clinics. The low sense of coherence of the individuals in the group under study means that their sense of having a meaningful life and their ability to comprehend and manage problems were severely compromised. Adequate and comprehensive treatment within the framework of social pro-grammes should be made available to these couples and others in a similar situation.     

论夫妻侵权责任在我国的法律适用

婚内侵权因具有违法性,应在法律上予以禁止。夫妻一方因过错侵权损害另一方合法权益的,应承担相应的民事责任。我国现行《婚姻法》针对夫妻侵权,规定了离婚损害赔偿制度,然而离婚这一高昂的代价使得很多受害配偶在主张自身权利时止步,单纯的离婚损害赔偿制度已经越来越力不从心。夫妻侵权责任制度的建立势在必行。有鉴于此,文章在借鉴国外相关立法的基础上,结合我国婚姻领域的法制现状,从夫妻侵权责任的适用、夫妻侵权责任的承担等方面对其进行设计。