Gender Differences in Union Formation in Mexico: Evidence From Marital Search Models

Although increasingly appreciated for their explanatory power in developed societies, marital search models have yet to be widely applied to developing nations. This article evaluates the applicability of marital search models to marriage timing in Mexico. The analysis compares separate models of union formation for men and women that include individual and marriage market predictors. Results show that union formation is closely linked to the uncertainties surrounding the transition to adulthood and the availability of marriageable partners. Improvements in women's economic position do not diminish the attractiveness of marriage, as female independence arguments would suggest. Instead, they are a central force behind the stability of marriage behavior in Mexico. A central transformation identified in the analysis is the reduction in sex differences in age at marriage as women expand their education and labor force participation.     

Living Arrangements, Employment Status, and the Economic Well-Being of Mothers: Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S

Using data from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S., we estimate country specific models of household income that characterize mothers according to their marital status, living arrangement, and employment status. We assess the predicted economic well-being of each type of mother relative to a benchmark of married mothers in the same country, and at various points in the income distribution. We find dramatic cross-country differences in the distribution of mothers across categories, but few differences in each type's relative economic status. In all three countries and at all points in the income distribution, mothers who are the only adults in their households have the lowest levels of predicted income, while married mothers—followed closely by cohabitors—have the highest levels.     

采用二阶特征窗的语音盲分离方法

利用语音信号的短时平稳特性,提出了一种二阶特征窗语音盲分离方法。该方法采用新的联合差分相关矩阵白化算法去除有色噪声影响;用长度等于语音信号基音周期的等距特征窗连续分割预白化观测数据,在每个加窗的数据帧计算不同的时滞协方差矩阵。利用联合近似对角化时滞协方差矩阵集合得到旋转参数,最终达到语音信号的盲分离。该方法消除了有色噪声的影响,只需用到二阶信息就能很好地分离语音信号。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

美国陪审制度与权力分立制衡思想

美国是典型的三权分立国家,权力分立与制衡思想在美国是多角度、多层次立体式展开的.陪审制度作为美国特色的制度,体现了公民权利与国家权力、民众与法官、非法律专业人士与法律职业人士之间的分权与制衡.     

博弈与一夫一妻婚姻制度的演变

博弈论又称对策论,是研究理性人之间互动的行为。一夫一妻制的形成即是社会成员间博弈的结果。然而博弈不会随一夫一妻制的建立而终止,当代的一夫一妻制不同于以往,它变得更有弹性。社会成员间的博弈还会继续,一夫一妻制的变化也还会继续。     

Costs and Rewards of Children: The Effects of Becoming a Parent on Adults' Lives

How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well‐being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self‐efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men.     

当代生命科学研究思路及方法评析

本文回顾了人类对生命的认识过程 ,从现实的角度论述了生命科学的研究思路和社会背景 ,提出“向生命本身学习”的研究方法 ,指出转换生命科学的研究方法是取得成效的关键。     

但丁的声誉与但丁政治理念在欧洲的命运

梳理了14世纪至19世纪后半叶但丁政治理念在欧洲的境遇及其与但丁诗人声誉的联系。除“俗语问题”外,但丁在《帝制论》中提出的政教分离的政治理念是他最初遭到反对的最重要原因,虽然在15世纪~16世纪欧洲文艺复兴与宗教改革运动中但丁的理论曾引起人们的注意,但17世纪~18世纪人们对但丁的低俗化误读使他的诗人声誉仍然下滑。但丁的声誉随着意大利民族意识的觉醒与呼唤民族解放的欧洲浪漫主义运动而不断走向辉煌,这一转折点就是意大利历史哲学家维柯。     

Compatibility,Leisure, and Satisfaction in Marital Relationships

This study challenges the prevailing view that marital companionship promotes marital satisfaction. By following a cohort of married couples for over a decade and by incorporating several methodological improvements—such as refining the measurement of marital satisfaction, determining how much spouses enjoy doing the leisure activities they pursue together and apart, and using diary data to portray marital leisure patterns—we found that the association between companionship and satisfaction is less robust than previously believed, and that it depends on how often spouses pursue activities that reflect their own and their partner's leisure preferences. Over time, involvement in leisure liked by husbands but disliked by wives, whether as a couple or by husbands alone, is both a cause and a consequence of wives' dissatisfaction.     

Marital Conflict,Ineffective Parenting,and Children's and Adolescents' Maladjustment

Data from the 1988 National Survey on Families and Households were analyzed to examine the associations among marital conflict, ineffective parenting, and children's and adolescents' maladjustment. Parents' use of harsh discipline and low parental involvement helped explain the connection between marital conflict and children's maladjustment in children aged 2 through 11. Parent‐child conflict was measured only in families with a target teenager and also was a significant mediator. Although ineffective parenting explained part of the association between marital conflict and children's maladjustment, independent effects of marital conflict remained in families with target children aged 2 through 11 (but not for families with a teenager). With a few exceptions, this pattern of findings was consistent for mothers' and fathers' reports, for daughters and sons, for families with various ethnic backgrounds, and for families living in and out of poverty.