阎锡山奴化理论剖析

阎锡山在留学日本的多年经历中 ,耳濡目染了日本社会敬军尚武的风气 ,对军国主义的教育、政治理论和社会组织倍感青睐 ,主政山西不久 ,就著书提出“教育以军国为教育”的奴化教育主张 ,并不断抽取一些时髦的主张和主义 ,点缀其“育人”思想 ,最终形成了一套中学其内、西学其外的嫁接型“育人”思想体系 ,包括以几希哲学为基础体系、以横竖政治为运行体系、以维持网络为保障体系和以好人主义为目标体系等四部分。这样一套严密的驯导和“育人”理论 ,使阎锡山统治下的山西土地、人民、军队三位一体 ,从下到上军事力量立体控制与教育化 ,成为近代中国社会史上一种特有的、值得研究的现象。     

战时媒介管制与媒介功能“让位”——太平洋战争中的日本灾害新闻报道研究

以日本东南海大地震（1944）和三河地震（1945）两次地震为研究背景,通过对报纸和广播对地震的报道情况分析,得知媒体对这两次地震未能展开详细、深入的报道,媒介在灾害中应发挥的功能让位于战争宣传需要。结合两次地震发生时的社会背景,得出媒介对于灾害事件功能失灵的原因在于受当时媒体管控体制限制的结论。相关新闻检阅史料,有力地佐证了在强有力的媒介管制体系之下,媒体面对灾害事件的发生"让位"功能,完全成为服务于战争的舆论工具,揭示出太平洋战争中日本媒体报道的军国主义本质。     

Rethinking the Canon: Reflections on a Text That Ought to be Essential Reading

Abstract

The 2006 war in Lebanon that erupted between Hezbollah and Israel marked the largest evacuation of Americans abroad since World War II. This article captures the experiences of Lebanese-American women and investigates how gender identity was expressed during these evacuations. Presented from the point of view of a participant-observer and personal interviews, findings show that gender became a master identity that influenced these women's choices regarding how to escape the country and return to the United States. Some embraced dependency upon masculinist exercises of power while others claimed agency as they determined their own fate and carried out their own evacuation without waiting to be rescued by the state or male kin members. The evacuation stories in this article confirm and illuminate the complexity of ethnic citizenship and gendered agency.     

浅析日本军国主义无条件投降原因

时至今日,西方社会的一些历史学家对在中国人民的抗日战争和第二次世界大战中日本的战败和无条件投降,仍然没有改变以往那种历史的偏见和歪曲。他们片面强调某个战场或某个国家的突出作用,而忽视了其他战场的地位和其他国家在战争中的重要作用。本文从总结历史经验出发,对日本军国主义无条件投降的各方面原因,特别是中国抗日战争在战胜日本法西斯及世界反法西斯战争中的地位和作用,作了历史地客观地分析。     

日本政治右倾化的原因剖析

战后日本在经济上得到迅速发展的同时,政治右倾化问题长期以来一直令世界各国人民特别是亚洲人民所关注。日本政治右倾化的原因主要在于优越的民族心理和侵略性的政治传统;战后美国对日本实行的绥靖政策导致日本政治右倾化得以延续;战后日本缺乏有效的国际制约机制导致日本政治右倾化愈演愈烈。     

All the rage: decolonizing the history of the British women's suffrage movement

ABSTRACT

The intervention of British feminists in the South African War is a chapter of feminist history that is rarely included either in the memorialization of the suffrage movement or the genealogies of global counterinsurgency. The careers of pacifist Emily Hobhouse and suffragist Millicent Fawcett provide rich opportunities to examine the gendered and racialised politics of British imperial militarism. By exploring the confrontation between these two white women within the wider context of aggressive colonial expansion, this essay will draw out the implications of their differing stances towards the conduct and practice of war, particularly as it impacted on female civilians in the war zone. In doing so, it will contribute to our analysis of the interconnected histories of racism, imperialism, feminism and militarism that have undeniably shaped the politics of global security today.     

Overwhelming Casualties: Medical Ethics in a Time of Terror

Codes of ethics and ethics guidelines define standards of professional conduct, and ways to prioritize or balance ethical principles when these appear to be in conflict. In 1991 an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars met at the University of Toronto to discuss these problems in a Workshop on Ethical Considerations in Scholarship and Science. A document, “The Toronto Resolution”; (TTR), was developed, providing twelve principles for incorporation into scientific and scholarly codes, with the object of ensuring that professionals in science recognize the potential consequences of their work in the broader social context. To examine the extent to which existing codes are consonant with The Toronto Resolution's 12 principles, a content analysis was conducted on the codes of 21 Ontario‐based scientific and scholarly organizations. Criteria used in the content analysis were standardized and determined to be reliable. Only a weak correspondence was found between the contents of the codes of the scientific and scholarly organizations surveyed here and the principles set out in TTR. In particular, guidelines on specific social issues such as environmental effects or conflict resolution are scarcely mentioned at all. This study encourages consideration of The Toronto Resolution by the ethics committees of scientific and scholarly associations, as codes are revised or as new interpretations of principles in the codes evolve.     

从尚武精神看北方少数民族文化对中原文学的影响

尚武精神是北方少数民族文化的一个重要文化内涵。笔者主要从文学范畴来考察尚武精神在民族文学之间的交流状态,企图以一种新的眼光来厘清北方少数民族文化对汉民族文学的影响。     

Remembering Lucky Dragon,re-membering Bikini: worlding the Anthropocene through transpacific nuclear modernity

This paper examines two recent Godzilla-themed cultural artefacts that highlight the entanglement between nuclear weaponry and nuclear energy: first, the 60th anniversary Godzilla exhibit at the Tokyo Metropolitan Daigo Fukuryū Maru Exhibition Hall; second, the 2014 American Godzilla directed by Gareth Edwards. This paper frames these two distinctive post-Fukushima cultural texts as memory work that mediates post-WWII genealogies of nuclear weaponry and nuclear power as constitutive elements of U.S. militarism and transpacific technological modernity. Specifically, this paper foregrounds how these two recent cultural texts, produced at different Pacific shores, bring the complexity of the often-absented Pacific back into focus. By enacting what Rob Wilson and Chris Connery call ‘worlding’ to make sense of divergent representations of the tragic Lucky Dragon/Bikini incident that decidedly informed the creation of the original Japanese Gojira [1954. Film. Directed by Honda Ishiro. Japan: Toho Co., Ltd.], this paper analyses geopolitical figurations of the Pacific and its peoples in both the specific context of this tragic incident and the broader formation of transpacific nuclear modernity. In so doing, this paper unravels the ways in which these divergent representations grapple with nuclear modernity’s reordering of necropolitics and biopolitics and its effects: specifically, the ways in which the renarration of death-making nuclear technology as a technology of good life conveniently erases the victims of nuclear weapons, radioactive fallout, and nuclear waste that the reproduction of U.S. nuclearism depends on and continues to produce.     

Are fire services ‘extremely gendered’ organizations? Examining the Country Fire Authority (CFA) in Australia

Emergency management organizations often have military‐based histories and continue to maintain militaristic styles of operation. Similar to the military, these organizations tend to be male dominated and culturally masculinized. The militarization and masculinization of rural fire services in Australia are generally unrecognized but highly important elements defining these organizations, and the example of the Country Fire Authority (CFA) is considered here. Using a cultural artefacts approach, historical and contemporary elements of the CFA's structure and practice are analysed using the concept of an ‘extremely gendered’ organization, with a focus on how the CFA is structurally and culturally gendered. We argue there is value in expanding the notion of ‘extremely gendered’ institutions beyond the military, to include other militarized organizations. Doing so not only helps to better understand and address resistance to change and gender equality measures, it also draws attention to the important role that such organizations play in the greater patriarchal order.