乡村振兴:谁在谈,谈什么?

乡村振兴战略已经形成综合政策、理论和实践的分析思路。 主流政策派以供职于国家政府部门的学者型官员或研究人员为主,其焦点在于如何完善乡村振兴的顶层设计。 主流政策派立足于对乡村振兴战略的内容阐释,对乡村振兴战略产生的历史必然性、乡村振兴战略提出的必要性、乡村振兴战略的实施机制以及规避误区作出论证。 学界理论派重点关注乡村振兴的立论基础和基本模式,乡村振兴具有多种立论基础,而乡村振兴的基本模式则具有保底式发展、内生式发展和依附式发展三种向度。 基层实践派以基层一线工作人员为主,以保障乡村振兴战略的落地实施为发力焦点,其中县级干部扮演乡村振兴“一线总指挥冶和“施工队长冶的角色,乡镇干部则是加速乡村振兴战略落地的践行者,而村干部则构成乡村振兴最基础和最坚实的力量。 然而,在几乎所有的讨论中,作为乡村振兴主体的农民却集体失语,并再次被政府和学者普遍“代言冶。 未来乡村振兴的探讨方向应重点推进乡村振兴顶层设计和基层实践的“上下结合冶,深化乡村振兴战略的基础理论研究,加强乡村振兴的社会动力以及乡村振兴多元实践等方面的理论概括,引导农民积极参与乡村振兴的讨论、规划和行动,从而推动乡村振兴政策、理论和实践的“大循环冶。     

Spatial Data Usage,Spatial Thinking and Spatial Knowledge Generation: The Case of Planning Practitioners in Arequipa,Peru

Spatial thinking and spatial knowledge generation in decision-making are still not mature fields of study in planning research, despite these being crucial elements in addressing the issues of the twenty-first-century city. This article contributes to their understanding by exploring their interrelationships with spatial data usage. Through storylines, it analyzes the arguments that planning practitioners offer in support of infrastructure-led decisions in Arequipa (Peru), before and after spatial data usage. The article concludes that spatial data usage improve spatial thinking to different extents, yet suggests aligning spatial data generation and the inclusion of GIS-based spatial analyses with the spatial knowledge needed by routine planning practice.     

东晋南朝医学知识的新发展:以医家、病者为中心的研究

本文以医家、病者为中心,结合医籍的相关叙述,来探讨东晋南朝医学知识的新发展。文中分析指出,此时期医家与病者多数都是出自社会地位较高的士大夫阶层。作为病者,他们世代内部通婚,过度优逸,嗜好饮酒,易受精神刺激,早婚多妾侍,多种因素导致了体貌柔弱,不堪劳作。显现于医学典籍,则是许多医方以体质偏虚之人为预设目标。而又作为医家的他们,传习家学,博通医术,或由信仰之故,兼修岐黄,这促使医界病源学理盛行以及佛道知识常被引入医书。综合诸历史迹象,作者认为东晋南朝医学知识有显著的贵胜特点。     

In search of career satisfaction: African-American public relations practitioners, pigeonholing, and the workplace

The goals of the research were to explore African-American practitioners’ satisfaction with public relations as a career and to examine their perceptions of tokenism and pigeonholing in the workplace. Three key themes emerged from the research: career entry and social support in public relations; encounters with everyday racism; and pigeonholing in public relations. For the majority of 12 African-American practitioners interviewed, they have experienced discrimination in their careers and in public relations, yet the practitioners did not see themselves as pigeonholed in their roles or positions. The complete study can be requested from the author.     

Development of professional roles in the practice of public relations in Chile

Using survey responses of 577 public relation practitioners, this article examines role conceptions in Chilean public relations, as well as the effects that different individual and organizational factors have on their professional worldviews. The results show that how Chilean practitioners perceive their roles can be grouped into four different types: the long-term strategic, the short-term technical, the passive-complaisant, and the active-vigilant. In general terms, Chilean public relations practitioners distance themselves from the passive-complaisant role, giving greater importance to the other three. The findings also reveal that gender, education level, job commitment, perceived autonomy, organization type, and geographical location are the factors that better predict Chilean PR professional roles, while hierarchy level and organization's reach do not directly affect their perceptions.     

Evaluation of a Training to Reduce Provider Bias Toward Pregnant Patients With Substance Abuse

The objective of this article is not to present a scientific or systematic study, but to provide an initial framework for designing a training workshop to enhance health practitioners’ (nurses, social workers, physicians, etc.) knowledge regarding substance abuse treatment and to decrease their bias toward substance-abusing women, particularly pregnant women in rural communities. We incorporated the 4 Transdisciplinary Foundations from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Competencies Model, with specific competencies targeted that related to provider bias. After the conference, 52 of the 70 participants completed a questionnaire to self-assess knowledge level and confidence in skill related to substance abuse management. Participant mean scores were statistically significantly higher following the conference than 1 week prior (p < .001) in the area of “gender difference with substance abuse,” moving from an average of 2.6 to 4.5 on a 5-point Likert scale. Our conference was successful in increasing attendees’ knowledge about gender difference and substance abuse among pregnant patients.     

树立“服务荣校”理念 培养高素质应用型人才

广州大学提出“服务荣校”办学理念，旨在寻求地方大学服务地方发展与培养高素质应用型人才的“双赢”。通过改革服务工作体制和人才培养机制，学校拓宽了服务渠道，锻炼了教师队伍，为全面提升高素质应用型人才培养质量创造了新的有效途径，并得到社会的广泛认可。     

Using Evaluative Research to Support Practitioners and Service Users in Undertaking Reflective Writing for Public Dissemination

Outputs of research are mainly reports, in a variety of formatsfor different audiences: web-based materials, conference presentationsand articles. Usually, these are the researchers’ products,with different levels of input by research participants, dependantupon the participative methods adopted. Two strands of discoursein relation to research allow for inclusion of other potentialoutputs for research: service user involvement in research andthe notion of the research-informed or aware practitioner. Thisarticle focuses upon the experience of using evaluative researchprojects to generate practitioner and user writing for publicdissemination, drawing upon these two themes.     

文化创意产业人员从业价值观探微

文化创意产业承载着发展经济、传承文化的重任。随着社会的发展,文化创意产业从业人员由于受西方不良思朝的影响及市场经济不良因素的冲击,道德意识出现偏差,自律意识、奉献精神、社会责任感缺失,奋发向上的精神动力不足。弘扬社会主义核心价值观,提高文化创意产业从业人员思想认识,需加强爱国主义教育、职业道德教育、事业心及社会责任感的培养与专业基础知识的培育,积极引导文化创意产业从业人员树立正确的世界观、价值观、人生观。     

Do public relations practitioners perceptually share ingroup affiliation with journalists?

Upwards of 200 studies over the past hundred years have reported on the relationship between public relations practitioners and journalists. However, no experiment has compared the group members’ perceptions when seeing their roles in action. Inspired by frameworks of social identity theory, intergroup deception, and the black sheep effect, we test how public relations practitioners and journalists respond to a crisis communication media interview. In our experiment, a company spokesperson either answers questions or engages in stereotypical “spin,” which journalists historically consider one of the most offensive public relations strategies. Results indicate that public relations practitioners align with journalists in their perceptions of a spokesperson’s trustworthiness and the organization’s trustworthiness across treatment conditions. Practitioners also manifest the black sheep effect, disliking their group representative engaging in deception. Furthermore, we explore whether the effects on perceptions of trustworthiness are moderated by psychological identification with their respective industry. Discussion concerns the theoretical and practical ramifications of the groups sharing ingroup affiliation, contrary to prevailing notions of acrimony.