Transnational policy entrepreneurs and the cultivation of influence: individuals,organizations and their networks

ABSTRACT

The ‘policy entrepreneur’ concept arises from the Multiple Streams’ theory of agenda setting in Policy Studies. Through conceptual stretching’, the concept is extended to global policy dynamics. Unlike ‘advocacy networks’ and ‘norm entrepreneurs’, the discussion addresses the strategies of ‘insider’ or ‘near-governmental’ non-state actors. The analysis advances the policy entrepreneur concept in three directions. First, the discussion develops the transnational dimensions of this activity through a case study of International Crisis Group. Second, rather than focusing on charismatic individuals, the discussion emphasizes the importance of organizational resources and reputations for policy entrepreneurship and access into international policy communities. Organizations maintain momentum behind policy solutions and pressures for change over the long term when individuals retire or depart for other positions. Third, the discussion outlines four distinct entrepreneur strategies and techniques that both individuals and organizations cultivate and deploy to enhance their power and persuasion in global policy processes and politics.     

服务台可修的多水平优先权排队(二)

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英语写作中有效反馈信息的探讨

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论“连云港优先发展战略”

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城域网MAC层协议的优先级结构及性能

主要研究城域网MAC层标准“IEEE 802.6 DQDB”协议的优先故排队性能;提出了一种DQDB协议的优先级实现方案—β分级结构。通过本文给出的文件传输性能分析以及计算机模拟证明,这种新的优先级结构可取得比DQDB现有结构更好的性能,而且易于实现。     

政治课“激凝·讨论”教学模式优化选择的实践与研究

政治课教学“激疑·讨论”模式,不同于传统的讲授法单向信息传递与谈话法一对一信息交流的模式,而是由教师主动设置疑问(激疑),以引起学生兴趣并质疑,然后通过师生间的互动讨论(释疑),最后求得共识与真知(无疑),从而培养学生的求知能力与主体意识,并进行思想政治上的自我教育。     

多软件触发源优先级全触发录波技术

介绍了一种在设备监测系统中使用的软件触发录波技术。用两个数据块交替存放连续触发的数据,实现了对连续触发的全触发录波;通过安排触发源的优先级,用高优先级触发中止或屏蔽低优先级触发,解决了多软件触发源的触发重叠问题。     

描写翻译研究评介

从规范性翻译的不足入手,说明描写翻译研究出现的必然性,介绍了描写翻译研究的起源和定义,探讨了描写翻译研究的两个观点:翻译的"不完整性"和"任何翻译都经过了译者不同程度的操纵",以及描写翻译研究的两个原则:"相互依赖原则"和"功能优先原则"。指出了描写翻译研究的价值。     

《读书人是幸福人》说课设计

说课,是检验教师教学基本功的手段之一,它不同于一般的发言稿和课堂教学,它要求说者比较系统地介绍自己的教学设计及其理论依据(包括大纲依据、课程标准依据、教学法依据、教育学和心理学依据等),而不是宣讲教案,也不是浓缩课堂。它的核心在于说理,在于说清为什么要这样教,用什么理论来支持教学,说课的重点在于教学重点和教学难点的突破上。说案不同于教案。     

Priority Setting for the Distribution of Localized Hazard Protection

We address the problem of distributing safety-enhancing devices across a region, where each identical device provides for only local protection of the population. The devices protect nonidentical sectors of the population. The sectors of population are exposed to nonidentical intensities of hazard. A method for the screening and prioritizing of needs for the protective devices is described. An approach of risk-benefit-cost analysis under uncertainty is recommended as follows. Measures of hazard intensity and population exposure are identified. Exogenous parameters that influence assessments of risks, benefits, and costs are identified. Uncertainties of the exogenous parameters are propagated by interval analysis. Several tiers of the plausibility of need for protection are identified. The tiers are useful in setting priorities for the distribution of the safety devices. The method is demonstrated in an engineering application to roadway lighting, but has implications for disaster preparedness, anti-terrorism, transportation safety, and other arenas of public safety.