Translating cross-lagged effects into incidence rates and risk ratios: The case of psychosocial safety climate and depression

Longitudinal studies are the gold standard of empirical work and stress research whenever experiments are not plausible. Frequently, scales are used to assess risk factors and their consequences, and cross-lagged effects are estimated to determine possible risks. Methods to translate cross-lagged effects into risk ratios to facilitate risk assessment do not yet exist, which creates a divide between psychological and epidemiological work stress research. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how cross-lagged effects can be used to assess the risk ratio of different levels of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) in organisations, an important psychosocial risk for the development of depression. We used available longitudinal evidence from the Australian Workplace Barometer (N?=?1905) to estimate cross-lagged effects of PSC on depression. We applied continuous time modelling to obtain time-scalable cross effects. These were further investigated in a 4-year Monte Carlo simulation, which translated them into 4-year incident rates. Incident rates were determined by relying on clinically relevant 2-year periods of depression. We suggest a critical value of PSC?=?26 (corresponding to ?1.4 SD), which is indicative of more than 100% increased incidents of persistent depressive disorder in 4-year periods compared to average levels of PSC across 4 years.     

论预防职务犯罪的道德体系建设

预防职务犯罪是 2 0世纪 80年代以来各国政府普遍采用的一种制度设计 ,其中道德预防是至关重要的环节。道德预防之所以在理论上和实践上可行 ,其依据主要是来源于道德本身的社会功能和法律的不完善性 ,以及职务犯罪主体和行为的特殊性。在我国 ,开展职务犯罪道德预防工作具有一定的优势 ,因此 ,我们必须高度重视这一工作 ,切实加强预防职务犯罪道德预防的道德体系建设     

民营企业不同发展阶段的人力资源管理策略分析

人力资源管理实践是影响员工行为的关键性变量之一 ,为使员工的行为符合组织的期望 ,民营企业可考虑在其不同发展阶段采取不同的人力资源管理策略。     

Can we remember differently? A case study of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations

This article analyses the positive contribution that Slovenian voluntary, non–governmental organisations, users' organisations and community–based services in the field of mental health have made to the 'new culture of memory' of helpers and users. The conceptual differences between Slovenian psychiatric (institutional) treatment and voluntary community care are presented through the case study of Clare, a young woman who was diagnosed as a chronic schizophrenic. This example shows the importance of community care in voluntary organisations for the reduction of disability associated with mental disorders. The development of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations and community–based services is not only the 'narrative turn' within social welfare, but also symbolises the 'implicit turn' in the relationship between the helper and the user. The real challenge of the new culture of memory in the process of help to disabled people (in respect of individuals working through traumatic memories) is that the helper can bear and support the user on a daily basis. During the process of their relationship, the deep implicit relational memories of both become activated and influence the change within the user as well as the helper.     

Distal and Proximal Factors in Domestic Violence: A Test of an Integrated Model

We employed 4,095 couples from both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to test a model of couple violence drawn from several theoretical perspectives. The outcome distinguishes among nonviolent couples and those experiencing either physical aggression or intense male violence. According to the model, background characteristics of couples are related to relationship stressors, which affect the risk of violence via their tendency to promote verbal conflict. Considerable support for the model was found. Couples were at higher risk for one or both forms of violence if they were younger at union inception, had been together for less time, were both in their first union, had only one partner who was employed, had a nontraditional woman paired with a traditional man, had at least one partner who abused substances, had more children, had more frequent disagreements, exhibited a more hostile disagreement style, or lived in an economically disadvantaged neighborhood. Moreover, the effects of stressors such as the number of children and couples' employment status disparities appear to be mediated by disagreement frequency and disagreement style.     

职业倦怠与体育教师心理健康教育

体育教师职业倦怠对其心理健康的影响主要表现为情绪衰竭、去个性化和成就感降低。引发体育教师职业倦怠的压力源包括：社会压力、学校压力和自身压力。建议教会体育教师积极认知、掌握调节情绪的方法和鼓励体育教师勇于改变自我，     

大学毕业生择业心理的研究

随着大学毕业生分配制度的改革,大学生求职呈现出多元化的趋势。大学毕业生如何获得一份满意的工作,已成为全社会关注的课题。高校扩招之后大学毕业生就业高峰迭起。文章针对大学毕业生择业时的矛盾、焦虑、自傲、自卑、自负、挫折等等亚健康的心理状态提出相应的对策,帮助毕业生更好地了解就业形势和择业时面临的困难及挑战。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

教师社会幸福感现状及提升策略--基于全国33590名中小学教师的调查与分析

教师社会幸福感影响教师总体的职业幸福感。为揭示教师社会幸福感的整体状况及其在领导关系、同事关系、师生关系、家校关系、社会声誉等维度上的具体表现,在全国范围内,对东部、中部、西部、东北等4个地区的33590名中小学教师的社会幸福感现状进行问卷调查。调查结果显示:教师社会幸福感总体水平较高,但在性别、地区、教龄等方面存在差异。要进一步增强教师社会幸福感,应着力改善教师与领导关系和师生关系;满足教师的物质需求和发展需求,切实提升教师社会声誉;考虑个体差异,制定具有针对性的教师社会幸福感提升策略;改进教师职前教育和在职教育,提升教师获得社会幸福感的能力。     

合作共赢发展与个体工作绩效:知识隐藏与证明目标导向的作用

如何抑制个体知识隐藏行为,推动企业发展与个体职业合作共赢有利于组织创新,基于资源保存和目标导向理论,以知识隐藏为中介变量,以证明目标导向为调节变量,构建合作共赢发展对个体工作绩效影响的有调节中介作用模型; 通过281份有效问卷的数据收集、因子分析以及分层回归等,研究中国情境下合作共赢发展通过知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的作用机理,考察证明目标导向的边界作用。研究认为,合作共赢发展对个体工作绩效有显著正向影响,知识隐藏在合作共赢发展与个体工作绩效之间有显著中介作用,证明目标导向调节合作共赢发展和知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的直接作用,证明目标导向调节合作共赢发展通过知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的间接作用; 因此,企业应重视创建上下联通、利益相关的员工职业发展体系,鼓励员工的知识共享行为,营造能够激发员工证明目标导向的组织环境。