Trends in the Race and Ethnicity of Eminent Americans

During the last several decades, the ethnic and racial composition of the American elite has changed to include some ethnic minorities and women. This study examines changes in the composition of one segment of the American elite: those who have obtained eminence in their occupations. Lieberson and Carter's study of the ethnic composition of eminent Americans, using Who's Who in America, is replicated with data from the 1990s (Lieberson and Carter, 1979, American Sociological Review 44:347–366). In addition, comparisons between blacks listed in Who's Who in America and blacks listed only in Who's Who among Black Americans are made. During the 20 years since Lieberson and Carter's study, Jews have made remarkable gains in eminent membership, while the rate of black representation has increased only moderately. Women are a small percentage of the eminent regardless of ethnicity, although black women are better represented than their counterparts in white ethnic groups.     

试论先秦儒家的分配正义观

以孔子、孟子和荀子为代表的先秦儒家的分配正义观是建立在仁礼正义论基础之上的,它主要以礼义差等作为正义的分配原则。     

见义不为现象的法律救治

见义勇为立法的重要内容之一,就是规定社会和国家对见义勇为者权益的救济和保护负有不可推卸的义务。作者认为对见义勇为者的权益实行法律保护是救治当前道德冷漠现象的一剂良方,是与现实需要紧密结合的法律规范。它的制定与实施又进一步充实了法律的正义精神,是法律价值的全面体现。但在现阶段我国还不具备相应的历史与现实条件用法律强制的手段推行见义勇为的道德行为。     

英美法系和大陆法系刑事陪审制度功能之比较

陪审制度的功能是陪审制度得以存在和延续的理由 ,笔者首先剖析了陪审制度的沿革及其发展趋势 ;进而阐述陪审制度在两大法系中共有的功能 ;最后分别阐述英美法系和大陆法系刑事陪审制度功能     

严复的能力观及其对当代公共管理创新的启示——对史华兹《寻求富强:严复与西方》的一种解读

对美国著名汉学家史华兹的代表作<寻求富强:严复与西方>进行文本解读发现:该著所反映出的严复能力观对当代公共管理的创新发展具有重要的启示意义.严复认为中西方的关键性差别在于能力,而隐含其中的是以能力为导向的主体意识和公共意识方面的差距."-3代公共管理的创新发展有必要吸收严复能力观中的思想精髓,以国家能力建构为着力点,以公民启蒙为社会基石,以突显公正为其内在灵魂.对正处于社会转型期的国家而言,努力实现国家能力与公民自由问的平衡是达致善治的关键.     

荣辱观教育的实现方法

进行荣辱观教育是社会主义道德建设的重要任务。荣辱观教育需要坚持正确的荣辱衡量标准，明确义利的辩证统一关系；坚持道德价值的一元与多元的有机结合；坚持原则性与灵活性的结合，使荣辱观教育既具有内在的逻辑性和层次性，又具有现实针对性和可操作性。     

新时期仍需坚持“效率优先,兼顾公平“的原则

改革开放以来 ,我国在分配制度上一直坚持“效率优先 ,兼顾公平”的原则 ,坚持这一原则 ,是社会主义本质的要求 ,是符合我国社会主义初级阶段国情的。世纪之初 ,在贯彻实施“十五”计划的新时期 ,我们仍需继续坚持这一分配原则。     

Global standards: promise and pitfalls for re‐inscribing social work into civil society1

This article critiques the modernist logical‐positivist ideology that has underscored social work, and interrogates the promise of the development of global standards to re‐inscribe social work into civil society at the global level. The potential pitfalls and dangers of such an initiative are also examined. The development of global standards was born out of an assumption that there is a common core to social work on a global level and on an essential affirmation of humanity and human dignity of all peoples across the world. Global standards might be construed to constitute a hegemonic Western discourse and a denial of context‐specific realities. However, a judicious, sensitive, post‐modernist and critical approach may enhance sensitivity towards difference and a greater appreciation of locally specific realities, within the global sphere.     

Ethnic preferences and perceptions among Asian and White British middle school children

Asian and White middle school children were shown photographs of unknown Afro-Caribbean, Asian, and White individuals of approximately the same age as themselves, and asked which one wax most like them, which one they would prefer to be, which ones they would prefer to engage in various activities with, and finally, to allocate positive and negative traits to the three groups or to nobody. A similar majority of both Asian and While children selected an own-race photograph as being most like them, but only about a half selected the own-race photograph as the one they would most like to he. For sharing activities, children showed a strong own-tender preference, followed by an own-race preference. White children stated a greater preference for sharing activities with White children, then with Afro-Caribbean children, and least with Asian children. Asian children preferred Asian and White children the most, Afro-Caribbean the least. On a stereotypes test, similar trends were obtained; White children evaluated While children highest and Asian lowest; Asian children tended to evaluate Asian children highest but to a nonsignificant extent. The relative proportion of Asian/White children in school appeared to have little systematic influence on the results, thus arguing against the contact hypothesis of prejudice reduction in its simple form.     

谈英语语言中的性别歧视和种族歧视

语言是社会和文化的重要组成部分。种族歧视和性别歧视作为一种社会现象必然会影响到作为社会交际工具的语言,种族歧视和性别歧视必然会在语言中反映出来。本文对英语中的种族歧视和性别歧视的种种现象进行了探讨,并指出了产生歧视的原因。