如何行成关系数据模型到面向对象数据模型的映射

关系数据模型是基于记录的基本数据模型;面向对象数据模型是基于对象的基本数据模型;两种数据模型在某种程度上应存在相互映射和相互转变的可能性,它们的相互映射和相互转变将使关系数据库和面向对象数据库之间的转变成为可能。     

金文中的女性享祭者及其社会地位

以金文中女性享祭情况与男性享祭情况的对比为纬,考查女性享祭者礼遇高低的量化相对值;以不同时期女性享祭情况的发展变化为经,考查女性享祭者礼遇变化的量化绝对值,揭示出殷周社会对女性享祭者的尊崇逐渐减弱的事实,证明殷周女性社会地位极其低微并逐步下降的观点。     

Can we remember differently? A case study of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations

This article analyses the positive contribution that Slovenian voluntary, non–governmental organisations, users' organisations and community–based services in the field of mental health have made to the 'new culture of memory' of helpers and users. The conceptual differences between Slovenian psychiatric (institutional) treatment and voluntary community care are presented through the case study of Clare, a young woman who was diagnosed as a chronic schizophrenic. This example shows the importance of community care in voluntary organisations for the reduction of disability associated with mental disorders. The development of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations and community–based services is not only the 'narrative turn' within social welfare, but also symbolises the 'implicit turn' in the relationship between the helper and the user. The real challenge of the new culture of memory in the process of help to disabled people (in respect of individuals working through traumatic memories) is that the helper can bear and support the user on a daily basis. During the process of their relationship, the deep implicit relational memories of both become activated and influence the change within the user as well as the helper.     

论法汉诗歌翻译的再创造

诗歌翻译要忠实于原作，但这并不意味着译作对原作亦步亦趋，生搬硬套。译者要在原作的制约下发挥主观能动性，进行“再创造”。“再创造”是法汉诗歌翻译中必不可少的手段，而不同的创造形式，又形成了法汉诗歌翻译中忠实性、牺牲性、叛逆性的创造风格。     

职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响 ——基于资源保存理论视角

基于资源保存理论视角,构建了一个有调节的中介模型,实证研究了职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响。结果显示：职场孤独感对员工帮助行为具有负向影响,关系认同在职场孤独感与员工帮助行为之间起中介作用,自我控制资源损耗负向调节了关系认同与员工帮助行为之间的关系,自我控制资源损耗调节了关系认同在职场孤独感和员工帮助行为之间发挥的中介作用。基于此,企业应重视员工的职场孤独感并加强管理,采取相应激励措施鼓励员工提高关系认同感,补充自我控制资源,从而降低职场孤独感对企业组织的不利影响。     

关系化用工:农业规模经营的社会基础

农业规模经营是中国乡村振兴进程中的关键议题。农业规模经营在快速发展的同时也呈现出用工效益的差异,从而使一些规模农业经营主体陷入困境。采用嵌入性视角探讨农业规模经营中用工模式嵌入社会关系的逻辑及其影响。研究发现,农业规模经营陷入困境的主要原因在于市场化用工无法有效解决农业规模经营中的劳动监督问题。而将市场规则嵌入关系规则的关系化用工使得雇佣双方产生了利他倾向,进而在很大程度上调动了工人内在的劳动积极性,从而使农业规模经营主体摆脱经营失败困境。关系化用工的实现依赖于农业规模经营主体在用工选择、生产管理和日常生活中充分发挥社会关系的积极作用,但社会关系范围和程度都是有限度的。因此,农业规模经营的健康发展不仅需要处理好经济关系,而且需要处理好社会关系。     

Sampling from spatial databases

This paper deals with techniques for obtaining random point samples from spatial databases. We seek random points from a continuous domain (usually ²) which satisfy a spatial predicate that is represented in the database as a collection of polygons. Several applications of spatial sampling (e.g. environmental monitoring, agronomy, forestry, etc) are described. Sampling problems are characterized in terms of two key parameters: coverage (selectivity), and expected stabbing number (overlap). We discuss two fundamental approaches to sampling with spatial predicates, depending on whether we sample first or evaluate the predicate first. The approaches are described in the context of both quadtrees and R-trees, detailing the sample first, acceptance/rejection tree, and partial area tree algorithms. A sequential algorithm, the one-pass spatial reservoir algorithm is also described. The relative performance of the various sampling algorithms is compared and choice of preferred algorithms is suggested. We conclude with a short discussion of possible extensions.     

圣地、盟约与杀戮——五台山皇权与佛教关系的民族学考察

本文利用田野资料,结合历史文献,通过对五台山特有的仪式神话作出人类学分析,厘清了皇权的特有结构以及其沿自身逻辑所展开的与佛教关系的复杂面向,通过与坦巴雅的"转轮王模式"进行理论对话,对过去相关研究中普遍存在的转轮王概念在中国的适用性提出质疑。本文旨在证明,佛教始终是基于皇权所规定的祭主/祭司关系而被纳入整体结构的,五台山及文殊信仰是传统国家宗教面向的整体表达,而其中封建原则的运行是理解边疆意识形态的多元性与国家整体之关系的关键所在。     

Understanding Popularity and Relational Aggression in Adolescence: The Role of Social Dominance Orientation

This study investigated a potential moderator of the association between popularity and relational aggression: social dominance orientation (SDO), the degree to which an individual endorses the importance of social hierarchy. One hundred eighty‐five ninth graders completed a sociometric assessment of RA and popularity, and a self‐report SDO measure. SDO was positively associated with popularity for both boys and girls, and with RA for girls. Popularity and RA were positively correlated for both genders. Regression analyses showed that SDO moderated the association between popularity and RA for girls, but not for boys. Girls who were both popular and who were social dominance‐oriented were particularly high in peer‐nominated RA. SDO may provide a useful framework for understanding the role of popularity in adolescent peer groups.     

汉代统治阶层对民间信仰的限制和引导

汉代民间的鬼神祭祀并非单纯地以祈福禳灾为目的,它还包含有以祝诅等巫术伤害他人,被伤害者甚至有可能是最高统治阶层。祭祀中害人巫术的存在,无疑会对社会治安、统治阶层本身乃至统治秩序的正常运行造成影响。面对这样的挑战,汉代的统治阶层设立严刑峻法、设置祠祝官进行抵御;而统治阶层中的知识分子将先秦以来限制祭祀规模的传统理念用于现实政治,致力于革新鬼神观念、宣扬"淫祀无福",试图在思想上对民众进行引导。