刑罚的正当性——以保障人权为视角

报应主义和功利主义对刑法正当性的回答支配了近现代的刑法理论、刑事立法和刑事司法,但是也不断地受到挑战。报应主义不能为罪刑相适应提供可以接受的标准,它是"严打"和重刑主义观念的始作俑者。功利主义不但经不起检验,也不能合理解释把个人作为实现社会利益的工具的道德质疑。二战以后人权理论的发展,为我们解释刑罚的正当性问题提供了视角和新的话语方式。     

再论环境犯罪的修订：理念演进与趋势前瞻

《刑法修正案(十一)》关于环境犯罪的修订,表现为两种方式和三个方向:通过修补式和新增式两种修订方式,《刑法修正案(十一)》以问题为导向,从三个方向加大对环境犯罪的惩处力度:环境保护与资源保护并重;刑罚的相对严厉化;环境犯罪治理的一体化.纵观环境犯罪的四次修订,我国环境犯罪的治理发生了根本性的转变,那就是惩罚主义式微,预防主义勃兴,治理理念已然从惩罚主义彻底转向为预防主义.但从长远来看,环境犯罪的治理不但要从运动式治理走向常规性治理,而且要走向恢复性治理.实现恢复性治理的主要路径有三种:一是作为民事责任承担方式的生态恢复;二是作为量刑情节的生态恢复;三是作为刑事责任承担方式的生态恢复.     

Popular Literature in Africa: Post-Resistance Perspectives

This paper argues that our primary concern in responding to wrongdoing should be distinct from our concern with the just distribution of wealth: retributive justice serves an important moral end that is independent of the promotion of welfare. I proceed by comparing retributive justice to restorative justice, because the latter offers a paradigm often aimed at replacing retributive justice, and is more closely concerned with social justice. I suggest that there are different possible paradigms of restorative justice, that one which is closer to social justice is less plausible and that a more plausible model need not be in tension with retributive justice, but could rather fall under it. I do not, however, conclude that there is no relation between retributive and social justice; while they relate to importantly distinct moral claims, I provide reasons for thinking that the moral justification of our system of punishment depends on the existence of at least some measure of social justice. The aim of retributive justice is importantly distinct from the just distribution of wealth, but this distinct aim cannot be served without some degree of justice in the distribution of wealth.     

刑罚的正当性——以保障人权为视角

报应主义和功利主义对刑法正当性的回答支配了近现代的刑法理论、刑事立法和刑事司法,但是也不断地受到挑战。报应主义不能为罪刑相适应提供可以接受的标准,它是＂严打＂和重刑主义观念的始作俑者。功利主义不但经不起检验,也不能合理解释把个人作为实现社会利益的工具的道德质疑。二战以后人权理论的发展,为我们解释刑罚的正当性问题提供了视角和新的话语方式。