‘There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches’: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training

This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded women students and exaggerated differences between them and men; and (2) denigrated women in general. Thus, the masculinity that is characteristic of police forces and is partly responsible for women’s low representation on them is not produced exclusively on the job, but is taught in police academies as a subtext of professional socialization.     

A review of the epidentiological research on child sexual abuse. Community and college student samples

This article is the first of two consecutive reviews on the major empirical studies which have been carried out in an attempt to estimate the prevalence of child sexual abuse among females. The research is structured in terms of three sample categories: (a) probability and non-probability samples of the general population; (b) college student samples; and (c) clinical inpatient and outpatient samples. This part of the review deals with (a) and (b) and highlights a number of unresolved methodological issues which may contribute to the variance in reported prevalence rates. These include a myriad of definitions of child sexual abuse and different methods of eliciting information on possible histories of abuse. Despite these problems. taken as a whole the prevalence studies indicate the significant numbers of people who have experienced abuse and who are willing to disclose aspects of these abusive experiences.     

“五四”后期周建人的婚恋观——以《妇女杂志》为考察依据

周建人在五四后期在恋爱、婚姻、离婚问题上更多地注重个体的自由、价值和觉醒。他认为，真诚的恋爱本是人生的花，是精神的高尚产品；理想的配偶选择应以个人本身性质上的各种美德为标准：以爱情的有无为婚姻离合的原则。婚恋的个人自由和独立有利于种族的完善、国家的进步，也是妇女解放和冲破家族制度的重要手段。因此，其婚恋观的一个重要诉求是男女平等，呈现出对妇女解放各个问题理性而具体的思考。     

“过劳死”现象应否纳入法律调整范围?——以重新界定现象的本质为切入

本文从人性的需求出发,着重分析了个体因自然属性、社会属性及其更高层次的个体人格的自我完善的要求,与其所处时代背景之间的矛盾,并认为这是导致过劳死发生的本质所在。以该本质为基础,文章具体分析了导致过劳死发生的四种具体原因,由此文章划分了应予法律规制的情形及不应纳入法律调整范畴的情形,并对该划分以正当性说明。     

失业者再就业行为差异分析

笔者通过对东北老工业城市--长春市失业人员进行实地调查,运用均值分析、因子分析等方法,对失业者再就业行为的差异进行辨别,发现对有再就业意愿的失业者而言,搜寻工作的思想观念与方式、失业期间的活动能力、失业者的心态、当地公共就业服务质量都是导致失业者再就业行为产生差异的主要因素.由此笔者分析了影响失业者再就业行为的内在机制,探讨激励失业者积极再就业的措施,以期为完善我国公共就业服务体系提供政策建议.     

基于旅西日本游客旅游选择行为的西安旅游市场分析

根据在全国六大旅游热点城市所做的旅游市场调查的数据结果，对旅西日本游客的旅游选择行为进行了研究，同时进一步有针对性地对西安日本客源市场进行了SWOT分析，在此基础上，对西安旅游业的发展提出了相关对策建议。     

非工作时间连通行为对幼儿园教师工作压力的影响：工作-生活冲突的中介和编制身份的调节作用

为探讨非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力的关系及其内在机制,选取浙江省某3市的幼儿园教师244名,使用非工作时间连通行为量表、教师工作压力量表、工作-生活冲突量表进行调查。结果发现：非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力呈显著正相关;工作-生活冲突在非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力间起中介作用;编制身份能够调节非工作时间连通行为与工作压力的关系。基于此,幼儿园管理者应当为幼儿园教师划定工作-生活界限,赋予教师“离线权”;避免身份偏见,合理分配工作任务;明确幼儿园教师职业定位,回归教育本身。     

数字金融对农户气候适应性行为的影响

气候适应性技术采用率低下已成为制约农业可持续发展的重要因素,数字金融可能影响农户的气候适应性行为。基于河南、陕西、山西三省1 384份农户微观调查数据,运用内生转换回归模型构建反事实分析框架,实证分析数字金融使用对农户气候适应性行为的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现:使用数字金融能显著促进农户气候适应性技术采纳行为,具体表现为在反事实假设下,使用数字金融的农户若未使用其气候适应性技术采纳程度将下降;未使用数字金融的农户如果使用了,其气候适应性技术采纳程度将上升。机制分析表明,数字金融能够提高借贷易得性与信息易得性,进而促进农户采纳气候适应性行为,农户对于金融包容性的认知能够正向增强数字金融对农户气候适应性行为的影响效应。异质性分析表明,数字金融使用对于资本型适应性行为影响的边际效应最大,在反事实假设下也表现为数字金融使用对农户资本型适应性行为提升效果最强;数字金融对农业收入占家庭收入比率较高、接受过培训的农户采纳气候适应性技术促进效应更高。     

Hybridization and speciation in the carabid beetles of the subgenusOhomopterus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, genusCarabus)

Natural hybridization among wingless carabid beetles of the subgenusOhomopterus (Carabidae, genusCarabus) is reviewed, and its significance in the evolution of this subgenus discussed. Natural hybridization occurs between parapatric species of similar size. Two case studies of natural hybridization suggest that natural hybridization could have affected the evolution of this subgenus in different ways. When there is a large difference in genital morphology between hybridizing species, interspecific copulation often results in genital injuries that causes mortality of copulating individuals, and hence reduces the fitness of hybridizing individuals greatly. In such a case, hybridization may be effective in maintaining the parapatric distribution of the two species, and in the long term, may promote reinforcement selection for traits which are effective in prezygotic reproductive isolation. When the morphological difference in genitalia is not so large as to cause genital injury, a hybrid population may be established at the intermediate zone between two parental species, provided that the immigration rates of the two species into the intermediate zone are small. Thus, natural hybridization may have contributed to both divergence and reticulate evolution in this subgenus.