Distal and Proximal Factors in Domestic Violence: A Test of an Integrated Model

We employed 4,095 couples from both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to test a model of couple violence drawn from several theoretical perspectives. The outcome distinguishes among nonviolent couples and those experiencing either physical aggression or intense male violence. According to the model, background characteristics of couples are related to relationship stressors, which affect the risk of violence via their tendency to promote verbal conflict. Considerable support for the model was found. Couples were at higher risk for one or both forms of violence if they were younger at union inception, had been together for less time, were both in their first union, had only one partner who was employed, had a nontraditional woman paired with a traditional man, had at least one partner who abused substances, had more children, had more frequent disagreements, exhibited a more hostile disagreement style, or lived in an economically disadvantaged neighborhood. Moreover, the effects of stressors such as the number of children and couples' employment status disparities appear to be mediated by disagreement frequency and disagreement style.     

The warrants of parenting: emotionality and reflexivity in economically disadvantaged families

Despite the popularity of the education model in parenting work, parents' capacity for reflexive inner dialogue is becoming a newly sought virtue for handling parent–child difficulties. Based on a study of parenting experiences among Chinese parents in Hong Kong, this paper argues for a departure from the education model to incorporate reflexive parenting in the parental role. Reflexive parenting promises idiosyncratic solutions for the dynamic problems that parenting in contemporary society must address. Warrants of reflexive parenting are proposed as a framework with which helping professionals can adjust their strategies to help parents better handle the challenge of contemporary parenting.     

Exploring the unknown aspects of Roma community in Cyprus and the role of social work practice

The status quo of Roma communities in Europe is strongly marked by marginalisation and discrimination. Roma people tend to face social exclusion and segregation leading to lack of education, chronic unemployment and limited access to healthcare, housing and public services as well as widespread poverty. Very few studies have been conducted as far as Roma community in Cyprus are concerned and almost none has explored quality of life of this ethnic minority. Therefore, this article examines quality of life dimensions in approximately half of the population (n?=?156) residing in the catchment area. Both quantitative and qualitative results showed poor standards of living, high school dropout rates and high levels of marginalisation. Social work as discipline can foster a more empowering and coordinating role as to enhance Roma’s distinctive identity and improve standards of living.     

Learning disabled students and access to accommodations: socioeconomic status,capital, and stigma

In the 1990s, Canadian universities began implementing policies to accommodate learning disabled students. While such policies appear to make post-secondary education more accessible, students must manage considerable complexity and absorb social and financial costs to receive accommodations. Through interviews with learning disabled students, this research explores the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on how, or whether, students access accommodations at a Nova Scotian university. Drawing on the work of Bourdieu and Goffman, this study suggests that SES affects students’ abilities to navigate the accommodation process successfully, and that accommodation policies, while important, may not ensure equal access to accommodations.     

Sustainable Caregiving? Demands Upon and Resources of Female Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disability

Female carers of adults with an intellectual disability are increasing in our communities as those with intellectual disability live into middle and old age. Twenty-seven carers between the ages of 45 and 85 years responded to questionnaires about demands, resources, and their health. Almost all were in the clinical range on the measure of psychological functioning. Demands contributed significantly to poorer functioning; however, other measures did not. The women in this study appeared to underreport the level of difficulties they experienced. The caregiving role undertaken by these women does not appear to be sustainable under their current circumstances.     

论休闲产业与社会经济发展的关系

当前,休闲产业已经逐步发展成为新的经济增长点,在社会经济发展进程中起到越来越重要的助推作用:诸如可以增加就业,刺激消费,节约能源,调节国民收入再分配,提高劳动效率以及带动地区经济整体发展等.所以,通过各种有效途径大力发展休闲产业对于社会经济发展就显得意义重大.     

Negative affectivity and gender as moderators of the relationship between work-related stressors and depressed mood at work

The present study provided further evidence on the role of negative affectivity (NA) and gender as moderators of stressor-strain relations. Based on theoretical and empirical research, it was hypothesized that the moderating effects of NA would moderate the relationship between stressors (role ambiguity, workload, role conflict and interpersonal conflict) and work-related depression. Questionnaires were returned form 442 subjects of whom 74% were recruited from external degree courses and the rest were full-time employees. Results revealed significant three-way interactions for two of the four stressors (workload and role ambiguity) in predicting work-related depression. NA moderated the relationship between these stressors and work-related depression for females but not for males. These effects were modest, however. No significant interactions were found for role conflict and interpersonal conflict. The implications of these results are discssed.     

沉默的大多数:差序格局与环境抗争

2003年全国综合社会调查显示,城镇居民在遭受环境危害后,只有38.29%的人进行过抗争,高达61.71%的人选择了沉默。对这一现象的研究发现,一个人社会经济地位越高、社会关系网络规模越大或势力越强、关系网络的疏通能力越强,对环境危害作出抗争的可能性就越高,反之则选择沉默的可能性越高。据此可以认为,中国城镇居民面对环境危害时的行为反应深受差序格局的影响;在遭受环境危害后之所以有抗争或沉默的行为差异,是由于在差序格局下,不同社会经济地位的人通过社会关系网络所能支配和调用的资源不同。     

陶希圣与《食货半月刊》

20世纪20年代末30年代初是中国近代史学的重要变动时期.陶希圣在北京"非考据不足以言学术"的气氛中,鉴于社会史论战理论之争的空泛,在学术上调整思路,整装重发,创办<食货半月刊>[1],潜心收集史料,致力于中国经济社会史的研究,在1930年代的中国史学界异军突起.但这一中国近代史学颇具意义的学术史却因诸种原因未被充分认识.     

Social capital and the reproduction of economic inequality in polarized societies

This paper explores the idea that the distribution of wealth across social groups fundamentally affects the evolution of economic inequality. By providing microfoundations suitable for this exploration, this paper hopes to enhance our understanding of when social forces contribute to the reproduction of economic inequality. In tackling this issue, this paper offers contributions in two domains. First, it models social capital as a real capital asset with direct use and collateral values. Second, it extends the concepts of identity, alienation and polarization originally advanced by Esteban and Ray (Esteban, J.M. and Ray, D.: On the measurement of polarization, Econometrica 62(4) (1994), 819–851). This generalization permits us to consider the multiple characteristics that shape social identity, inclusion and exclusion. It also underwrites a higher-order measure of socio-economic polarization that permits us to explore the hypothesis that economic inequality is most pernicious and persistent when it is socially embedded. Holding constant the initial levels of economic polarization and wealth inequality, we show that higher socio-economic polarization increases subsequent income and wealth inequality. Far from being a distributionally neutral panacea for missing markets, social capital in this model may itself generate exclusion and deepen existing economic cleavages.