Une analyse en termes d'équilibre de l'écart salarial entre hommes et femmes

Partant de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les apports en travail domestique des hommes et des femmes sont complémentaires, les auteures vérifient l'existence d'équilibres multiples. Dans certains cas, le travail est réparti àégalité et les salaires sont identiques. Dans d'autres, la répartition est différente, de même que les salaires. Dans ce contexte, les stéréotypes relatifs à l'infériorité de la productivité des femmes se révèlent autoréalisateurs. Partant d'exemples numériques, les auteures montrent que le bien‐être est supérieur lorsque le couple répartit le travail à part égale, puis elles énoncent des recommandations politiques.     

Biometric technology and beneficiary rights in social protection programmes

Over the past decade, the use of biometric technology in the identification and authentication of beneficiaries of social protection programmes has increased. However, there has been little debate among governments, donors and civil society organizations on the potential implications of this technology in relation to the inclusion of the most vulnerable sectors of the population, as well as for the protection of privacy and personal data. This article aims to fill that gap. First, the article reviews how biometric technology is used in various social protection programmes around the world. Then, it examines the potential risks and challenges of deploying biometric technology in social protection programmes. Finally, it assesses the requirements necessary to ensure that biometric technology is implemented in compliance with international law standards. The focus is on developing countries, where the use of biometric technology in identification systems has increased considerably in recent years. Among the key conclusions of the article is that the adoption of biometric technology, often encouraged by donors, needs to be preceded by democratic debate where all alternatives are discussed. The adoption of this technology should be accompanied by a context‐specific assessment of risks, and the adoption of an appropriate legal and institutional framework to protect rights and ensure that the most vulnerable and disadvantaged members of the population are not excluded.