The relationship between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age

A large literature demonstrates the direct and indirect influence of health on socioeconomic attainment, and reveals the ways in which health and socioeconomic background simultaneously and dynamically affect opportunities for attainment and mobility. Despite an increasing understanding of the effects of health on social processes, research to date remains limited in its conceptualization and measurement of the temporal dimensions of health, especially in the presence of socioeconomic circumstances that covary with health over time. Guided by life course theory, we use data from the British National Child Development Study, an ongoing panel study of a cohort born in 1958, to examine the association between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age. We apply finite mixture modeling to identify distinct trajectories of health that simultaneously account for timing, duration and stability. Moreover, we employ propensity score weighting models to account for the presence of time-varying socioeconomic factors in estimating the impact of health trajectories. We find that, when poor health is limited to the childhood years, the disadvantage in socioeconomic attainment relative to being continuously healthy is either insignificant or largely explained by time-varying socioeconomic confounders. The socioeconomic impact of continuously deteriorating health over the life course is more persistent, however. Our results suggest that accounting for the timing, duration and stability of poor health throughout both childhood and adulthood is important for understanding how health works to produce social stratification. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between confounding and mediating effects of time-varying socioeconomic circumstances.     

坚持尊重社会发展规律与尊重人民历史主体地位的一致性——关于党的根本宗旨的哲学思考

把握党的根本宗旨 ,只有从历史规律实现的特殊性上理解人民的历史主体性与从人民的历史主体性上把握历史发展的规律的统一中 ,从马克思主义真理观是与价值观的统一中 ,才能深刻理解“党要始终代表中国最广大人民的根本利益”的真理性 ;实践党的根本宗旨 ,必须在坚持尊重社会发展规律与尊重人民历史主体地位的一致性的基础上 ,坚持为崇高理想奋斗与为最广大人民谋利益的一致性 ,坚持完成党的各项工作与实现人民利益的一致性 ,坚持一切为了人民群众与一切依靠人民群众的一致性。     

Women's Changing Attitudes Toward Divorce, 1974–2002: Evidence for an Educational Crossover

This article examines trends in divorce attitudes of young adult women in the United States by educational attainment from 1974 to 2002. Women with 4‐year college degrees, who previously had the most permissive attitudes toward divorce, have become more restrictive in their attitudes toward divorce than high school graduates and women with some college education, whereas women with no high school diplomas have increasingly permissive attitudes toward divorce. We examine this educational crossover in divorce attitudes in the context of variables correlated with women's educational attainment, including family attitudes and religion, income and occupational prestige, and family structure. We conclude that the educational crossover in divorce attitudes is associated most strongly with work and family structure variables.     

善意取得制度研究

善意取得制度意在对特定类型的非正常的利益变动,做出价值判断,进行利益衡平。那么,善意取得制度对何种类型非正常的利益变动进行衡平?又是如何进行衡平的呢?这就引出了善意取得制度的构成要件及其效力问题。笔者正是从这两方面着手对善意取得制度基础理论和实践应用提供一孔之见。     

扩展基础加筋风积砂地基抗拔承载力模型试验与计算

通过扩展基础加筋风积砂地基的室内模型上拔试验 ,研究了不同试验方案的加筋土体在极限上拔承载力 ,并提出了加筋风积砂土体的上拔承载力的理论计算公式     

从业者、素养、才能:职业与专业视野下的清代讼师

清代讼师从业者多为未仕的各类生员,士子多因屡试不第、仕途稽滞而从事讼师之业,国家法律不能禁绝;讼师通晓律例、熟悉例案,法律素养较高;做举子时的经史素养,也使讼师们善用经史资料助讼,以附会通行于官员中的情理断案风习,且成功率较高;讼师熟悉官场、通晓世情和讼案症结,对案件定性准确,能够给当事人提供有效而高明的建议;其利用官员心理、作风,也具长技。讼师作为职业的存在,是专业服务需求的需要,也是官府与百姓之间知识系统沟通的需要。     

Trauma Events, Residence in Refugee Camps, and Educational Attainment as Predictors of Trauma Symptoms of Albanian Refugees in Macedonia

Adult members of 79 Albanian families who had fled from Kosovo to Macedonia during the immediate postwar period (June–August 1999) were interviewed. In conjunction with therapeutic intervention, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GTQ) were administered. Trauma symptoms as measured by the HTQ and psychological distress as measured by the GHQ were highly correlated. The best predictor of psychological distress was severity of the trauma experienced. Refugees with high educational attainment had fewer trauma symptoms than those with lower educational attainment. Refugees who lived with host families in towns showed fewer trauma symptoms than those who lived in camps, but they were also more highly educated. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that educational attainment may mediate the effect of place of residence. Educational attainment may be an indicator of resourceful and effective coping strategies that ameliorate the effects of trauma.     

“以美育代宗教”:中国美学的百年迷途

百年以来,“以美育代宗教”始终被以蔡元培为代表的几代美学家奉若神明。然而,百年后的今天却必须要说:“以美育代宗教”,20世纪中国美学成也在兹,败也在兹。新世纪中国美学必将从跨越“以美育代宗教”的失误开始,从而实现自身新的发展。     

The State of Research in Latino Academic Attainment

In this essay, I present an interdisciplinary examination of the state of research in Latino education, addressing not only the cultural forces influencing Latinos’ educational attainment, but also the structural conditions faced by them—as a racialized minority group—throughout their schooling and that have a cumulative effect on their academic attainment. Overall, I suggest that by engaging in a critical review of the literature on Latinos’ educational attainment, the reader will acknowledge that the racially driven hierarchical structural arrangements are highly responsible for the patterns observed.     

Network diversity,contact diversity,and status attainment

We propose that diversity in social relations measured by network diversity and cross-race/cross-gender contacts affords job seekers higher contact status that in turn brings better status attainment outcomes. Controlling for traditional strength of tie measures and other confounders, the empirical study confirms that (1) network diversity in race and gender are significantly associated with actual utilization of cross-race/cross-gender contacts in job search, (2) use of cross-race/cross-gender contacts is significantly related to higher contact status for nonwhite and female job seekers, but (3) contact status (activated social capital) partially provides jobs of higher SEI scores for white job seekers. Similarly, male job seekers obtain better jobs through female contacts, but the same does not apply to female job seekers. These findings show relative return deficits of social capital experienced by racial minorities and females even when they exert extra effort to obtain heterogeneous social relations and contacts.