论我国刑事诉讼中“非法证据”的界定标准

在刑事非法证据排除规则的具体运用中,"非法证据"的界定是当然前提。非法证据并非是任一证据合法性要件欠缺的广义非法证据,而专指取证主体通过严重非法的手段或者侵犯公民基本权利的方式所获取的证据材料。我国刑事非法证据包括非法言词证据和非法实物证据两类,两类非法证据在实际判断中虽存在差异,但都应围绕取证手段的非法性展开,分别考察取证手段是否违反法律规定以及违法的严重程度,以准确界定刑事非法证据的范围。     

英语习语中的非言语交际表达

从跨文化交际的角度对英语习语中的非言语交际行为及其特征进行探讨研究,认为英语习语在非言语交际中具有民族性和修辞性的特征,通过身体动作、面部表情、颜色、服装容饰等非言语行为的表达,强调和加强了言语内容,使得习语更加形象、生动、传神。     

The Interview for Decisional Abilities (IDA): a tool to assess the decisional capacity of abused and neglected older adults

We present the Interview for Decisional Abilities (IDA), a semi-structured tool for use by adult protective services (APS) workers as part of their comprehensive assessments of clients. The IDA was created in response to a Federal mandate to standardize the procedures and competencies of APS agencies with a view to improving client assessments and facilitating cross-jurisdictional research on adult mistreatment. The proximal aim of the IDA is to guide workers in gathering information on the ability of suspected victims of adult mistreatment to make decisions about the risks they face.     

言语交际中的蓄意歧义现象及其解读

蓄意歧义是一种独特的语言艺术，为语言研究提供了新的语料，它体现了语音、词汇、语法、语用等规则。通过分析言语交际过程中产生的蓄意歧义现象及其制造的不同效果，可以促进语言使用者更好地了解整个语言体系，以及包含语用学、词汇学、语音学和语法在内的语言体系分支之间的关系。     

Is a Reasonable Attempt Reasonable? Shaping Versus Reinforcing Verbal Attempts of Preschoolers with Autism

The effectiveness of a language-training procedure that emphasized reinforcing vocal “reasonable attempts” (any response directed at an interventionist and within a broader class of correct responses) was compared with a procedure that emphasized shaping (reinforcing successive approximations that more closely resembled the target vocalization). Three preschoolers who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders participated in the study. Data indicated that the children mastered vocal skills more rapidly when they learned through shaping than in the reasonable attempts condition. Implications for teaching children with autism spectrum disorders are discussed.     

The “Silent Dog” Method: Analyzing the Impact of Self-Generated Rules When Teaching Different Computer Chains to Boys with Autism

The purpose of the study was to extend the literature on verbal self-regulation by using the “silent dog” method to evaluate the role of verbal regulation over nonverbal behavior in 2 individuals with autism. Participants were required to talk-aloud while performing functional computer tasks.Then the effects of distracters with increasing demands on target behavior were evaluated as well as whether self-talk emitted by Participant 1 could be used to alter Participant 2''s performance. Results suggest that participants'' tasks seemed to be under control of self-instructions, and the rules generated from Participants 1''s self-talk were effective in teaching computer skills to Participant 2. The silent dog method was useful in evaluating the possible role of self-generated rules in teaching computer skills to participants with autism.     

言语交际中的真实性准则

出于对人际交往中真假信息的关注,讨论如何从语言学的角度定义“说谎”和“谎言”,继而考察格莱斯合作原则理论中构成质量准则的“真实性”这一概念,并通过借鉴语言哲学中对“事件”、“事实”和“真实”等相关概念的分析,指出在社会语境下的人际交往过程中不存在所谓的绝对真实,有的只是语言使用者相信的“真实”。     

言语幽默的模因论研究

模因理论为语言的研究提供了一个崭新的视角,人们可以凭借该理论来重新审视言语幽默。语言模因在言语幽默中的表现形式分为“拿来”型、“改装”型和“原创”型等三种。语言模因在言语幽默中的运用策略大致分为预设前提,请君入瓮;以子之矛,攻子之盾;偷梁挟柱,移花接木;明修栈道,暗度陈仓等类别。     

口语诗学:声音和语言的符号关联——关于符号学和文学人类学的研究论纲

长期以来,由于文字崇拜、文本中心和文人心态的影响,固有的“诗学”理论实际上局限于文本范围,堪称“文本诗学”。如今面对文本中心的消解,人们开始重新关注口传文化的存在及其原创意义。在这样的背景下,开展对“口语诗学”的研究无疑将有助于诗学理论的深化和拓展。     

网络语言暴力法律规制的必要性和立法构想

网络语言暴力的泛滥以其独有的方式撕裂了道德底线,向现行法律制度提出了挑战。此类事件不能仅在道德层面进行约束和思考,道德的谴责已无济于事,必须从法律层面进行约束和思考。网络语言暴力属于名誉侵权行为。既然属于侵权行为,那就应当纳入法律调整的范围,以法律从主体、客体、内容和责任方面进行有效规制。这样有利于拓宽法治的空间、更好地保护当事人的合法权益,惩治、震慑和预防网络语言暴力侵权行为,净化网络社会环境。